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語源

From Late Latin incubus, from Latin incubō (“nightmare, one who lies down on the sleeper”), from incubō (“to lie upon, to hatch”, from in- (“on”) +‎ cubō (“to lie down”)).

発音

• (英国発音, General American, Canada, General Australian) IPA: /ˈɪŋ.kjʊ.bəs/, /ˈɪn.kjə.bəs/
• Homophone: incubous

名詞

incubus (plural incubi or incubuses)

1. (mediaeval folklore) An evil spirit supposed to oppress people while asleep, especially to have sex with women as they sleep.

   Coordinate term: succubus

   Hypernyms: evil spirit, spirit

2. A feeling of oppression during sleep, sleep paralysis; night terrors, a nightmare.

   Synonym: nightmare

   • Burton with W.H. Gass, The Anatomy of Melancholy, NYRB Classics ser. (New York: New York Review Books, 2001, orig. 1932), →ISBN, vol. 1, p. 249:

     it increaseth fearful dreams, incubus, night-walking, crying out, and much unquietness  […] .

3. (by extension) Any oppressive thing or person; a burden.
   • August 1935, Clark Ashton Smith, Weird Tales, "The Treader of the Dust":

     Again he felt the impulse of flight: but his body was a dry dead incubus that refused to obey his volition.

   • 1949 March and April, F. G. Roe, “I Saw Three Englands–2”, in Railway Magazine, page 82:

     Ahead of us the lowering smoke-screen of Leeds and her gloomy satellites hung like an incubus over the land.

   • 2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin, published 2003, pages 132–3:

     Notions of civic virtue were at that moment changing, in ways which would make of Louis's alleged vices an incubus on the back of the monarchy.

4. (entomology) One of various of parasitic insects, especially subfamily Aphidiinae.

参考

• incubous
• succubus

Further reading

• incubus on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈɪŋ.kʊ.bʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈiŋ.ku.bus]

名詞

incubus m (genitive incubī); second declension

1. (Late Latin) the nightmare, incubus
   • 354 CE – 430 CE, Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis, De Civitate Dei 15.23:

     ...Siluanos et Panes, quos uulgo incubos uocant, inprobos saepe extitisse mulieribus et earum appetisse ac peregisse concubitum;

     ...that sylvans and fauns, who are commonly called incubi, had often made wicked assaults upon women, and satisfied their lust upon them;

   • 556–636 CE, Isidore of Seville, Etymologiae 9:

     Pilosi, qui Graece Panitae, Latine Incubi appellantur, sive Inui ab ineundo passim cum animalibus.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

語形変化

Second-declension noun.

同意語

• (nightmare, incubus): incubitor, incubō

派生した語

• Dutch: incubus
• English: incubus
• French: incube
• German: Incubus
• Italian: incubo
• Portuguese: íncubo
• Romanian: incub
• Russian: инку́б (inkúb)
• Spanish: íncubo

参照

• “incŭbus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• "INCUBI", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “incŭbus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 801/1.
• Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976), “incubo (genet. -onis), incubus”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: E. J. Brill, page 524/2