英和和英

発音

• IPA: /ˈsliːpə(ɹ)/
• ハイフネーション: sleep‧er
• 韻: -iːpə(ɹ)

語源 1

From 中期英語 sleper, equivalent to sleep +‎ -er.

名詞

sleeper (plural sleepers)

1. Someone who sleeps.

   I'm a light sleeper: I get woken up by the smallest of sounds.

   She's a heavy sleeper: it takes a lot to wake her up.

   • 1986 August 28, Patricia Leigh Brown, “17 YEARS OF THE WATER BED: A SOCIAL HISTORY; CHECKING OUT REFINEMENTS”, in The New York Times‎, archived from the original on 3 February 2018:

     Waveless mattresses are for those who prefer a more stationary [night's sleep]; semiwaveless for those who want a slight rocking motion, and free-flow for sleepers who want the feel of a boat. All beds come with temperature controls, and king- and queen-size models offer dual controls.

2. That which lies dormant, as a law.
   • 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Judicature”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:

     Therefore let penal laws, if they have been sleepers of long, or if they be grown unfit for the present time, be by wise judged confined in the execution […]

   • 1958, Duncan Leroy Kennedy, Bill drafting, page 12:

     The object of these provisions is to prevent insertion of "jokers" or "sleepers" in bills and securing passage under the false color of the title.

3. A spy, saboteur, or terrorist who lives unobtrusively in a community until activated by a prearranged signal; may be part of a sleeper cell.

   Synonym: sleeper agent

   • 1969, United States Congress, Departments of Treasury and Post Office and Executive Office Appropriations for 1970: Hearings, (91st Congress, First Session, parts 2-3), page 479:

     We are up against the pros; and pros who have been involved in this kind of activity for many years. […] The public apathy today is disturbing — few realize, Mr. Chairman, that there are sleepers in this country and we know that they are able to manipulate at will behind the scenes.

4. A small starter earring, worn to prevent a piercing from closing.
   • 1984, Diana Wynne Jones, Fire and Hemlock:

     His skull earring had been replaced by a small gold sleeper. […] Fiona, who also had pierced ears, remarked on his sleeper. “Doesn’t Wilton allow pierced ears?” she asked. “No way!” said Leslie. “Rules about everything. But I wanted to keep my options open, as you might say. No one’s made me take it out yet. […] ”

5. A railway sleeping car.

   We spent a night on an uncomfortable sleeper between Athens and Vienna.

   • 1944 November and December, “"Duplex Roomette" Sleeping Cars”, in Railway Magazine, page 324:

     It is realised that the old Pullman standard sleeper, with its convertible "sections", each containing upper and lower berths, and with no greater privacy at night than the curtains drawn along both sides of a middle aisle, has had its day.

6. (martial arts, wrestling) A sleeper hold.
7. Something that achieves unexpected success after an interval of time.

   Synonym: sleeper hit

   A box-office bomb when it first came out, the film was a sleeper, becoming much more popular decades after being released.

   • 1968, Marvin B. Scott, The Racing Game, page 160:

     For example, the [racehorse] trainer may have tipped a betting syndicate that he is about to unleash a sleeper […]

8. Any of family Odontobutidae of goby-like bottom-feeding freshwater fish.
9. A nurse shark (family Ginglymostomatidae).
10. A type of pajama for a person, especially a child, that covers the whole body, including the feet.

    Aaron, Devin, and Laura looked so comfy in their sleepers.

11. (automotive, slang) An automobile which has been internally modified to excess, while retaining a mostly stock appearance in order to fool opponents in a drag race, or to avoid the attention of the police.

    Antonyms: cop magnet, rice burner, racecar

12. (slang) A sedative.
    • 1995, “Insomnia”, in Reverence, performed by Faithless:

      At least a couple of weeks since I last slept, / Kept takin' sleepers, but now I keep myself pepped.

13. (slang, gambling) A bet placed on the gambling table and then forgotten about by the gambler.
14. (science fiction) A pod or similar device containing a person in cryosleep.

同意語

• (goby-like fish): sleeper goby

等位語

• (clothing): sleepsack

派生語

派生した語

• → Swedish: sliper
• → Welsh: sliper

動詞

sleeper (third-person singular simple present sleepers, present participle sleepering, simple past and past participle sleepered)

1. (rare) To mark a calf by cutting its ear.
   • 1963, Jack Schaefer, Monte Walsh, page 81:

     I expect there ain't a trick to maverickin' and sleeperin' and changin' a brand he don't know.

語源 2

Compare Norwegian sleip (“a sleeper (a timber); as adjective, slippery, smooth”). See slape.

名詞

sleeper (plural sleepers)

1. (rail transport, British) A railroad tie.

   Synonym: (US) tie

   • 1901, George Gipps, The Fighting in North China (up to the Fall of Tientsin City), Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh, →OL, page 40:

     The train, minus the three abandoned trucks, again proceeded at a slow pace, with a pump trolley doing pilot ahead ; this was very necessary as a great many sleepers were found to have been burnt underneath the fishplates.

   • 1961 July, Cecil J. Allen, “Locomotive Running Past and Present”, in Trains Illustrated, page 401:

     I should imagine that the smooth riding and the quietness of the diesel or electric cab, coupled with the effect on the eyes of endless successions of sleepers disappearing from sight immediately under the driver's eyes, might in time have a soporific effect, so that the company of a second man, who can assist in signal observations when he is not at work in the engine cab, seems highly desirable in such conditions.

   • 2009, Michela Wrong, It’s Our Turn to Eat: The Story of a Kenyan Whistle Blower:

     Government surveyors set to work, importing hundreds of Indian coolies, thousands of donkeys and camels, and the millions of sleepers required for this monstrous engineering project.

2. (carpentry) A structural beam in a floor running perpendicular to both the joists beneath and floorboards above.
3. (nautical) A heavy floor timber in a ship's bottom.
4. (nautical) The lowest, or bottom, tier of casks.

派生語

• resleeper
• sleeperless

参照

• Sleeper in the 1920 edition of Encyclopedia Americana.

Further reading

• railroad tie on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

アナグラム

• Leepers, Peelers, peelers, repeels