英和和英

別の表記

• skum (obsolete)

語源

From 中期英語 scum, scome, skum, skome, scumme, from Middle Low German or Middle Dutch schūme (“foam”), from Old Dutch *scūm, from Frankish *skūm, from Proto-Germanic *skūmaz (“froth, foam”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, conceal”).

Cognate with Dutch schuim (“foam”), West Frisian skuum, German Schaum (“foam”), Danish and Swedish skum (“foam”). Compare also French écume (“scum”), Italian schiuma (“foam”), Saterland Frisian Skuum, Sicilian scuma (“foam”), Walloon schome (“scum, foam”), Lithuanian šamas (“catfish”) and skanus (“tasty”) from the same Germanic source. Related to skim.

発音

• IPA: /skʌm/
• 韻: -ʌm

名詞

scum (countable and uncountable, plural scums)

1. (uncountable) A layer of impurities that accumulates at the surface of a liquid (especially molten metal or water).

   Synonyms: dross, impurity, impurities, cinder, scoriae, slag

   During smelting, scum rises to the surface and is then removed by the smelter.

2. (uncountable) A greenish water vegetation (such as algae), usually found floating on the surface of ponds

   These organisms form scum in large quantities.

3. The topmost liquid layer of a cesspool or septic tank.
4. (uncountable, slang, chiefly US) Semen. [from 1960s]

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:semen

   • 1965, Claude Brown, Manchild in the Promised Land, New York: New American Library, →OCLC, page 80:

     Horse, who was always talking about facts, said, “Man, that can't be scum, ’cause scum is white.”

5. (derogatory, slang) A reprehensible person or persons.

   Synonyms: bastard; see also Thesaurus:jerk

   People who sell used-up pens are scum, just total low-lives.

派生語

動詞

scum (third-person singular simple present scums, present participle scumming, simple past and past participle scummed)

1. To remove the layer of scum from (a liquid etc.).
2. To remove (something) as scum.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

     Some scumd the drosse, that from the metall came; / Some stird the molten owre with ladles great […].

3. To become covered with scum.
   • 1769, Elizabeth Raffald, The Experienced English House-keeper, pages 321–322:

     Take the smallest Cucumbers you can get, and as free from Spots as possible, put them into a strong Salt and Water for nine or ten Days, or 'till they are quite Yellow, and stir them twice a Day at least, or they will scum over, and grow soft

4. (obsolete) To scour (the land, sea, etc.).
   • 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “xiij”, in Le Morte Darthur, book I:

     SOo by Merlyns aduys ther were sente fore rydars to skumme the Countreye / & they mette with the fore rydars of the north / and made hem to telle whiche wey the hooste cam / and thenne they told it to Arthur / and by kyng Ban and Bors counceill they lete brenne and destroye alle the contrey afore them there they shold ryde

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1670, John Milton, “(please specify the page)”, in The History of Britain, that Part Especially now Call’d England. […], London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for James Allestry, […] , →OCLC:

     Wandering up and down without certain seat, they lived by scumming those seas and shores as pirates.

5. (obsolete) To gather together, as scum.
   • 1815, Rudolf Ackerman, Frederic Shoberl, The Repository of Arts, Literature, Commerce, Manufactures, Fashions and Politics:

     A great majority of the members are scummed together from the Jacobinical dregs of former periods of the revolution.

6. (video games, informal) To startscum or savescum.

アナグラム

• CMUs, MCUs, USMC, cums