英和和英

語源

From 中期英語 spyndel, spindle, spyndylle, from 古期英語 spindle, spindel, alteration of earlier spinel, spinil, spinl (“spindle”), from Proto-West Germanic *spinnilu (“spindle”), equivalent to spin +‎ -le. Cognate with Scots spindil, spinnell (“spindle”), Dutch spindel ("spindle"; < Middle Dutch spille, spinle), German Spindel (“spindle”), Danish spindel (“spindle”), Swedish spindel (“spindle”).

The dragonfly sense (noun sense 14) is a calque of Swedish slända (dragonfly/spindle); this word was introduced by New Sweden settlers.

発音

• IPA: /ˈspɪndəl/
• ハイフネーション: spin‧dle
• 韻: -ɪndəl

名詞

spindle (plural spindles)

1. (spinning) A rod used for spinning and then winding fibres (especially wool), usually consisting of a shaft and a circular whorl positioned at either the upper or lower end of the shaft when suspended vertically from the forming thread.
   • 2005 [1868–9], Anthony Briggs, transl., War and Peace, Penguin Classics, translation of Война́ и миръ by Leo Tolstoy, Volume I, Part 1, Chapter 3, page 13:

     Anna Pavlovna’s soirée was now in full swing. On all sides the spindles were humming away non-stop.

2. A rod which turns, or on which something turns.

   Coordinate terms: axle, shaft

   the spindle of a vane

   • 2012 March, Henry Petroski, “Opening Doors”, in American Scientist‎, volume 100, number 2, pages 112–3:

     A doorknob of whatever roundish shape is effectively a continuum of levers, with the axis of the latching mechanism—known as the spindle—being the fulcrum about which the turning takes place.

3. A rotary axis of a machine tool or power tool.
4. (cycling) The axle of a bottom bracket.
   • 1972, Richard Ballantine, Richard's Bicycle Book, New York: Ballantine Books, page 181:

     Check ball bearings for pitting, cracks, disorderly conduct; cups and cones for uneven wear; spindle for straightness.

5. Certain of the species of the genus Euonymus, originally used for making the spindles used for spinning wool.
6. An upright spike for holding paper documents by skewering.

   Coordinate terms: bill hook, billhook

   check spindle

   receipt spindle

7. The fusee of a watch.
8. Any long and slender stalk resembling a spindle from Euonymus.
9. A yarn measure containing, in cotton yarn, 15,120 yards; in linen yarn, 14,400 yards.
10. (geometry) A solid generated by the revolution of a curved line about its base or double ordinate or chord.
11. Any marine univalve shell of the genus Tibia; a spindle stromb.
12. Any marine gastropod with a spindle-shaped shell formerly in one of the three invalid genera called Fusus.
13. (biology) A cytoskeletal structure formed during mitosis.
14. (coastal New Jersey) A dragonfly.
15. (computing) A plastic container for packaging optical discs such as CDs or DVDs, having a central column that passes through the central holes in the discs and keeps them in a stack.
16. A muscle spindle.
17. A sleep spindle.
    • 2010, Human Sleep and Cognition: Basic Research, page 10:

      One of the fascinating characteristics of sleep spindles is that they are generated by the thalamic reticular nucleus, and do not occur in the presence of NE. In fact, LC neurons fall silent in the second preceding each spindle […]

同意語

• (a tree from the Euonymus genus): spindle tree

上位語

• (a tree from the Euonymus genus): euonymus

派生語

参考

動詞

spindle (third-person singular simple present spindles, present participle spindling, simple past and past participle spindled)

1. (transitive) To make into a long tapered shape.
2. (intransitive) To take on a long tapered shape.
3. (transitive) To impale on a device for holding paper documents.

   Do not fold, spindle or mutilate this document.

Further reading

• Spindle on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Spindle (textiles) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “spindle”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

アナグラム

• spindel, splined