英和和英

語源

Borrowed from New Latin vacuum (“vacuum”), a subsense of Classical Latin vacuum (“empty space”), a substantivised form of vacuus (“empty”); related to vacāre (“to be empty”).

The exercise sense comes from analogy to the sucking action of a vacuum cleaner.

発音

• IPA: /ˈvæ.kjuːm/, (dated) /ˈvæ.kjuː.əm/
• ハイフネーション: va‧cu‧um

名詞

vacuum (plural vacuums or (rare, formal, see notes) vacua)

1. A region of space that contains no matter.

   Synonyms: vacancy, void

   Antonym: plenum

   • 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Citadel Station: Wards Codex entry:

     The Wards are open-topped, with skyscrapers rising from the superstructure. Towers are sealed against vacuum, as the breathable atmosphere envelope is only maintained to a height of about seven meters. The atmosphere is contained by the centrifugal force of rotation and a "membrane" of dense, colorless sulphur hexafluoride gas, held in place by carefully managed mass effect fields.

2. The condition of rarefaction, or reduction of pressure below that of the atmosphere, in a vessel, such as the condenser of a steam engine, which is nearly exhausted of air or steam, etc.

   a vacuum of 26 inches of mercury, or 13 pounds per square inch

3. (colloquial, only pluralized as "vacuums") Ellipsis of vacuum cleaner.

   Synonym: (British) hoover

4. (physics) A spacetime having tensors of zero magnitude.
5. (physics) A ground state of a quantum field or of local spacetime, or more abstractly the lowest-energy state of a system.
   1. (string theory) A description of spacetime resulting from a particular compactification of spatial dimensions.
6. An emptiness in life created by a loss of a person who was close, or of an occupation.
   • 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, pages 82–83:

     Henrietta soon found a terrible vacuum left, by the letters in which she used to pour forth every feeling and thought to her uncle.

7. An exercise in which one draws their abdomen towards the spine.
   • 1985, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Encyclopedia of Modern Bodybuilding, New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 508:

     Abs show up in a most-muscular shot, a vacuum shot, the hands-behind-head compulsory ab shot, twisting poses, and so on.

   • 1997 January 6, John, “I'm 14; How do I start bodybuilding?”, in misc.fitness.weights‎ (Usenet):

     Right I'm off to practice my vacuum - suck in those stomachs now!

   • 2010 January 7, Silent Stone, “Want to start, have a few questions for now.”, in misc.fitness.weights‎ (Usenet):

     When I do the 'gut vacuum' exercise the abdominal wall seems to return to normal size, as far as I can tell under the flab.

   • 2022 October 10, Aaromal Maanas, “2022 Tsunami Nutrition Pro Results and Recap”, in Sportskeeda‎, archived from the original on 23 October 2022:

     Blessed with round muscle bellies and a phenomenal structure, he also performed a vacuum pose on stage.

使用する際の注意点

• The Latin in vacuo is sometimes used instead of in a vacuum (in free space).
• The unadapted Latinate plural vacua is now rarely used outside of some physics contexts.

同意語

• (physics, of spacetime or a field): vacuum state

派生語

関連する語

動詞

vacuum (third-person singular simple present vacuums, present participle vacuuming, simple past and past participle vacuumed)

1. (transitive) To clean (something) with a vacuum cleaner.

   Synonym: (British) hoover

   • 2016, Janice M. Whiteaker, Run:

     “Who in the world cleans an attic? That's like vacuuming a shed.”

2. (intransitive) To use a vacuum cleaner.

   Synonyms: (British) to do the hoovering, (British) to hoover

3. (transitive, databases) To optimise a database or database table by physically removing deleted tuples.
   • 2010, Ivan Litovski, Richard Maynard, Inside Symbian SQL: A Mobile Developer's Guide to SQLite, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 337:

     But the advantage of an auto-vacuumed database is that when B-tree pages are no longer needed, they are moved to the end of the database file and then the database file is truncated, thus returning the unused pages back to the filesystem.

形容詞

vacuum

1. inflection of vacuus:
   1. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular
   2. accusative masculine singular

名詞

vacuum n (genitive vacuī); second declension

1. an empty space; a void
2. a vacant place
3. (figurative) leisure (freedom from duty)
4. (New Latin) a vacuum (space that contains no matter)

語形変化

Second-declension noun (neuter).

Further reading

• “vacuus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “vacuus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• vacuus in Georges, Karl Ernst; Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 2, Hahnsche Buchhandlung