英和和英

語源

Unknown. Suggestions include Proto-Indo-European *kéywelos (“alone”), but root obscure and suffix unexplained, see also Sanskrit केवल (kévala, “alone”); possibly a suffixation of Proto-Indo-European *koyl- *keh₂i-lo- (“safe, unharmed, whole”), ^[1] via unattested *cael.

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈkae̯.lebs/, [ˈkäe̯ɫ̪ɛps̠]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃe.lebs/, [ˈt͡ʃɛːlebs]

形容詞

caelebs (genitive caelibis); third-declension one-termination adjective

1. unmarried, single

   Synonym: vacuus

   • Horatius, epistulae, liber I. In: Horace Satires, Epistles and Ars poetica with an English translation by H. Rushton Fairclough, 1942, p. 258 f.:

     Nil ait esse prius, melius nil caelibe vita.
     Si non est, iurat bene solis esse maritis.

     "Nothing," he says, "is finer or better than a single life." If it is not, he swears that only the married are well off.

語形変化

Third-declension one-termination adjective (non-i-stem).

Because of the word's meaning and the fact that neuter nouns are typically inanimate, neuter uses of the adjective are expected to be rare or absent (although metonymic use, as in Horace's caelibe vita, would be theoretically possible). No neuter nominative/accusative/vocative plural form is attested in the corpus of Classical Latin texts. Some New Latin grammars give the form as *caeliba^[2], which is consistent with the consonant-stem inflection in the rest of the paradigm: note however that only a few positive adjectives have attested consonant-stem neuter plural forms in -a.

派生した語

• Galician: ceibe (“free to roam”)
• Italian: celibe
• Sicilian: cèlibbi
• Spanish: célibe

参照

Further reading

• “caelebs”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “caelebs”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• caelebs in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette