languorとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈlæŋɡə/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈlæŋ(ɡ)ɚ/
• 韻: -æŋɡə(ɹ)
• ハイフネーション: lan‧guor

語源 1

The noun is derived from Middle English langore, langour (“disease, illness; misery, sadness; suffering; condition または event causing sadness, suffering, etc.; unwholesomeness; idleness, inertia; depression, self-disgust; expression of grief”) [and other forms],^[1] from Middle French languer, langueur, langour, and Anglo-Norman langor, langour, langur, Old French langueur, languour (“disease, illness; suffering; emotional fatigue, sadness; listlessness; stagnation”) (modern French langueur (“languor”)), and from their etymon Latin languor (“faintness, feebleness; languor; apathy”), from languēre,^[2] the present active infinitive of langueō (“to feel faint or weak; (figurative) to be idle, inactive; to be listless”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leg-, *(s)leh₁g-. The English word is cognate with Catalan llangor, Italian languore (“faintness, weakness; languor”), langore (廃れた用法), Old Occitan langor (modern Occitan langor), Portuguese langor, languor (廃れた用法), Spanish langor.^[2]

名詞

languor (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 languors)

1. (uncountable) A state of the body or mind caused by exhaustion or disease and characterized by a languid or weary feeling; lassitude; (countable) an instance of this.

   Synonym: torpor

   languor of convalescence

   • 1818, [Mary Shelley], chapter IV, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume I, London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, →OCLC, pages 101–102:

     Sometimes my pulse beat so quickly and hardly, that I felt the palpitation of every artery; at others, I nearly sank to the ground through languor and extreme weakness.

2. (uncountable) Melancholy caused by lovesickness, sadness, etc.; (countable) an instance of this.
3. (uncountable) Dullness, sluggishness; lack of vigour; stagnation.
   • 1818, [Mary Shelley], chapter VI, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume III, London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, →OCLC, page 120:

     I rushed towards her, and embraced her with ardour; but the deathly languor and coldness of the limbs told me, that what I now held in my arms had ceased to be the Elizabeth whom I had loved and cherished.

   • 1923, Elinor Wylie, “The Serpent in Persepolis”, in Jennifer Lorn: A Sedate Extravaganza. […], New York, N.Y.: George H[enry] Doran Company, →OCLC, book 3 (The Prince), page 266:

     From languor she passed to the lightest vivacity; her temper became merry and wild in the extreme; she was all at once a tease, a tomboy, and a witch.

4. (uncountable) Listless indolence or inactivity, especially if enjoyable or relaxing; dreaminess; (countable) an instance of this.
   • 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Francesca Carrara. […], volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, pages 1–2:

     It is earth's brief breathing space, after the heat and hurry of her busier time; like that repose known only to the young and happy, when the nerves gradually compose themselves, the thoughts gather into some vague but delicious train, and the eyes are closed by languor before sleep.

   • 1945, Evelyn Waugh, chapter 4, in Brideshead Revisited […], 3rd edition, London: Chapman & Hall, →OCLC, book 1 (Et in Arcadia Ego), pages 70–71:

     The languor of Youth—how unique and quintessential it is! How quickly, how irrecoverably lost! The zest, the generous affections, the illusions, the despair, all the traditional attributes of Youth—all save this—come and go with us through life; [...] but languor—the relaxation of yet unwearied sinews, the mind sequestered and self-regarding, the sun standing still in the heavens and the earth throbbing to our own pulse—that belongs to Youth alone and dies with it.

   • 1984, Marco Vassi, Lying Down: A Horizontal Worldview, Santa Barbara, Calif.: Capra Press, →ISBN, page 65:

     Repose! The very word has a nostalgic ring to it, conjuring up a vanished world of pale solitude, gentle distances, summer vistas, languour, and lovely women …

5. (uncountable) Heavy humidity and stillness of the air.
   • 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, pages 113–114:

     There is a languor in the air which encourages your own, and the poetry of memory is in every drooping flower and falling leaf.

   • 1957, James Purdy, The New Yorker, volume 33, New York, N.Y.: New Yorker Magazine Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, page clxvi:

     [A] certain languor in the air hinted at an early summer.

   • 2018, Georges Simenon, translated by William Hobson, Maigret and the Reluctant Witnesses‎^[1], London: Penguin Books, →ISBN:

     The evening was mild, with a certain languor in the air.

6. (uncountable, obsolete) Sorrow; suffering; also, enfeebling disease or illness; (countable, obsolete) an instance of this.

別の表記

• languour

関連する語

語源 2

The verb is derived from Middle English langouren (“to be ill; to languish, suffer; to cause to suffer”) [and other forms],^[3] from Anglo-Norman langurer and Middle French langorer, langorir, langourer (“to languish; to be languorous”), from Old French languerer, from langueur (“disease, illness; suffering; emotional fatigue, sadness; listlessness; stagnation”); see further at etymology 1 above. Later uses of the verb have been influenced by the noun.^[4]

動詞

languor (三人称単数 現在形 languors, 現在分詞 languoring, 過去形および過去分詞形 languored)

1. (intransitive) To languish.

派生語

• languoring (adjective)
• languoring (noun) (廃れた用法)
• languorment (廃れた用法)

参照

Further reading

• “languor”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
• “languor”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• “languor”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

Latin

語源

From langueō (“to be faint, weary, languid”) +‎ -or.

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈlan.ɡʷor/, [ˈɫ̪äŋɡʷɔr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈlan.ɡwor/, [ˈläŋɡwor]

名詞

languor m (genitive languōris); third declension

1. faintness, feebleness, languor, apathy

語形変化

Third-declension noun.

派生した語

参照

• “languor”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “languor”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• languor in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to abandon oneself to inactivity and apathy: desidiae et languori se dedere
    
  • to weary, bore the reader: languorem, molestiam legentium animis afferre