stipendiumとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /stiːˈpen.di.um/, [s̠t̪iːˈpɛn̪d̪iʊ̃ˑ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /stiˈpen.di.um/, [st̪iˈpɛn̪d̪ium]

Generally thought to have a long vowel in the first syllable, despite the short /i/ in the base stips; one potential explanation of this is a change from */ipp/ to /iːp/. However, there is some uncertainty: most occurrences in meter are inconclusive (placing it in an anceps syllable, which was usually long but could be short) except for the case of stīpendium in Ennius, which Michiel de Vaan argues is an example of lengthening metri causa^[1].

名詞

stīpendium n (genitive stīpendiī または stīpendī); second declension

1. tax, impost, tribute, contribution

   Synonyms: tribūtum, vectigal

   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.44:

     Si iterum experiri velint, se iterum paratum esse decertare; si pace uti velint, iniquum esse de stipendio recusare, quod sua voluntate ad id tempus pependerint.

     If they chose to make a second trial, he was ready to encounter them again; but if they chose to enjoy peace, it was unfair to refuse the tribute, which of their own free-will they had paid up to that time.

   • 239 BCE – 169 BCE, Ennius, Annales , (in Varronis de lingua latina 5.183):

     [...] Poenī stīpendia pendunt

   • c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, carmina 64.171-176:

     Jūpiter omnipotēns, utinam nē tempore primō
     Cnōsia Cecropiae tetigissent lītora puppēs,
     indomitō nec dīra ferēns stīpendia taurō
     perfidus intortum religāsset nāvita fūnem,
     nec malus haec cēlāns dulcī crūdēlia fōrmā
     cōnsilia in nostrīs requiēsset sēdibus hospes!

   • 1st century CE, anonymous, Lydia 9-15, (Appendix Vergiliana):

     ō fortūnātī nimium multumque beatī,
     in quibus illa pedis niveī vestīgia pōnet
     aut roseīs viridem digitīs dēcerpserit ūvam[...]
     aut inter variōs, Veneris stīpendia, flōrēs
     membra reclīnārit teneramque illīserit herbam
     et sēcrēta meōs fūrtim nārrābit amōrēs.

2. dues
3. pay, stipend (military)

   Synonyms: mercēs, pretium, praemium, commodum

4. military service

   facere stipendia ― to be a soldier/ to perform the military service

語形変化

Second-declension noun (neuter).

¹Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

派生した語

参照

Further reading

• “stipendium”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “stipendium”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• stipendium in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius かつ others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• stipendium in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to pay the troops: stipendium dare, numerare, persolvere militibus
    
  • to serve: stipendia facere, merere
    
  • after having completed one's service: emeritis stipendiis (Sall. Iug. 84. 2)
    
• Dizionario Latino, Olivetti
• “stipendium”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “stipendium”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin