LACRIMAとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From earlier dacrima, dacruma, from Proto-Indo-European *dáḱru-, from earlier compound *dr̥ḱ-h₂eḱru- (“eye bitter”).

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈla.kri.ma/, [ˈɫ̪äkrɪmä]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈla.kri.ma/, [ˈläːkrimä]

名詞

lacrima f (genitive lacrimae); first declension

1. (literally) a tear (drop of liquid from crying)
   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti :

     'sistite vos lacrimas, ipsa medebor' ait.

     'Hold back your tears,' she said. 'I will heal him myself.'

2. (transferred sense) a tear or gumdrop exuding from plants

Inflection

First-declension noun.

派生語

派生した語

• Balkan Romance:
  • Aromanian: lacãrmã, lacrimã, lacrãmã, lãcrimeauã
  • Romanian: lacrămă, lacrimă
• Italo-Romance:
  • Istriot: lagrama
  • Italian: lacrima, lagrima
  • Neapolitan: làcrema, làgrema
  • Sicilian: làcrima, làgrima, làrima
• North Italian: (forms with /ɡ/ perhaps borrowed from Italian または Venetian)
  • Emilian: làgrima
  • Friulian: lagrime
  • Lombard: làgrima
  • Piedmontese: lerma, larma
  • Romansch: larma
  • Venetian: łàgrema, làgrema
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: llàgrima
  • Franco-Provençal: legrema, lârma
  • Old French: lerme, larme
    • French: larme
    • >? Tourangeau: aigreime
  • Occitan: lagrema (most dialects)

    Auvergnat: larma

    Gascon: larma, lhèrma

    Limousin: grema, gramela, grumilha

    Provençal: lagrima

• Ibero-Romance:
  • Aragonese: glarima, lagrima, lacrima

    Ribagorçan: llárima, llágrima, gllárima

  • Asturian: llárima, llágrima, llégrima, llérima, llarma
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: lagrima, lagrema
    • Galician: lágrima
    • Portuguese: lágrima
  • Old Spanish: lagrema, lagrima
    • Spanish: lágrima
• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: làcrima, làgrima, làmigra
• Vulgar Latin: *lacrimidiāre (see there for further descendants)

参照

• “lacrima”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “lacrima”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• lacrima in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius かつ others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• lacrima in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) to burst into a flood of tears: lacrimas, vim lacrimarum effundere, profundere
    
  • (ambiguous) to be bathed in tears: in lacrimas effundi or lacrimis perfundi
    
  • with tears in one's eyes: lacrimis obortis
    
  • with many tears: multis cum lacrimis
    
  • to be unable to speak for emotion: prae lacrimis loqui non posse
    
  • hence these tears; there's the rub: hinc illae lacrimae (proverb.) (Ter. And. 1. 1. 99; Cael. 25. 61)
    
  • crocodiles' tears: lacrimae simulatae
    
  • (ambiguous) to burst into a flood of tears: lacrimas, vim lacrimarum effundere, profundere
    
  • (ambiguous) to be bathed in tears: in lacrimas effundi or lacrimis perfundi
    
  • (ambiguous) to be hardly able to restrain one's tears: lacrimas tenere non posse
    
  • (ambiguous) to move to tears: lacrimas or fletum alicui movere
    
  • (ambiguous) to find relief in tears: dolorem in lacrimas effundere