lacとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA: /læk/
• 韻: -æk

語源 1

From Portuguese laca, from Hindi लाख (lākh)/Urdu لاکھ (lākh) or cognates in other Indo-Aryan languages, from Sanskrit लाक्षा (lākṣā). Doublet of lacquer.

名詞

lac (countable and uncountable, plural lacs)

1. A resinous substance or lacquer produced mainly on the banyan tree by the female of Kerria lacca, a scale insect.
   • 2019 November 5, Alice Bell, “Can science break its plastic addiction?”, in CNN‎:

     At the turn of the century, the ever-expanding electrical industry was running low on shellac, a resin secreted by the female lac bug which could be used as an insulating material.

派生語

語源 2

名詞

lac (plural lacs)

1. Dated spelling of lakh.
   • 1804, R[obert] Montgomery Martin, quoting Yashwantrao Holkar, “Section II. European Intercourse—Rise and Growth of British Power.”, in The Indian Empire: […], volume I (History, Topography, Population, Government, Finance, Commerce, and Staple Products), London; New York, N.Y.: The London Printing and Publishing Company, published [1858], →OCLC, page 399, column 2:

     […] Lake [i.e., Gerard Lake, 1st Viscount Lake] should not have leisure to breathe for a moment, and calamities would fall on lacs of human beings in continued war by the attacks of his army, which would overwhelm like the waves of the sea.

   • 1878 August, “Contemporary Portraits. New Series.—No. 8. Charles Darwin, F.R.S.”, in The University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review, volume II, London: Hurst & Blackett, […], →OCLC, page 154:

     The Laccadives and Maldives, for instance, meaning literally the "lac of islands" and the "thousand islands," are a series of such atolls; […]

語源 3

From Cadillac.

名詞

lac (plural lacs)

1. (slang) Clipping of Cadillac

   Synonyms: caddie, caddy

   Last night I was driving around in my lac.

   • 1992, Big Mello, Bone Hard Zaggin, Rap-A-Lot Records, track 5. "Mac's Drive 'Lac's"

     Macs drive lacs.

   • 2005, “Drive Slow”, in Late Registration, performed by Kanye West:

     The candy gloss is immaculate, it's simply amazing / Them elbows poking wide on that candy ’Lac

語源 4

From laceration.

発音

• IPA: /læs/
• 韻: -æs

名詞

lac (countable and uncountable, plural lacs)

1. (medicine, colloquial) Laceration.

   hand lac

アナグラム

• ACL, CLA, Cal, Cal., LCA, alc, cal, cal.

語源

From Proto-West Germanic *laik, from Proto-Germanic *laikaz, compare *laikaną. Cognates include Old Norse leikr (whence Danish leg (“game”), Swedish leka (“to play”)), Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌺𐍃 (laiks, “dance”).

発音

• IPA: /lɑːk/
• 韻: -ɑːk

名詞

lāc n or f

1. play, sport
2. battle, strife
3. gift, offering, sacrifice, booty; message
   • late 10th century, Ælfric, Lives of Saints

     Æfter þisum bebēad sē ablenda Datianus þæt mann his dēadan godas dēorwurþlīċe frætewode and þæt deofles templ mid dēorwurþan seolfre, and hēt þider lǣdan þone, wende þæt hē wolde wurþian his godas and his lāc ġeoffrian þām līflēasum godum.

     After this the blinded Datianus ordered that his dead gods be richly adorned and that the Devil's temple be adorned with silver, and ordered the faithful martyr to be brought to there, so that he would worship and offer sacrifices to the lifeless gods.

   Hie drihtne lac begen brohton.

   They both brought an offering to the Lord.

語形変化

when neuter

Strong a-stem:

when feminine

Strong ō-stem:

派生語

• heaþolāc (“warfare”)
• wiflāc (“intercourse with a woman”)
• scīnlāc (“illusion, imagination, magical delusion”)

関連する語

• -lāc
• lācan
• lǣċan

派生した語

• Middle English: lok, loke, loc, loac, lock, lake, lac
  • English: lake (“play”) (dialectal)

語源

From lact by simplification of a word-final sequence of two plosives (the variant nominative/accusative form lacte shows the addition of a vowel as an alternative). The etymology is controversial: there is no consensus on the cognate set, the manner of descent (inheritance vs. borrowing), or the form and ultimate origin of the etymon.

Possible cognates include Ancient Greek γάλα (gála, “milk”, stem γᾰ́λᾰκτ- (gắlăkt-)), Old Armenian կաթն (katʻn, “milk”) and its likely variant *կաղց (*kałcʻ), Hittite 𒂵𒆷𒀝𒋻 (galaktar, “balm, resin”), Albanian dhallë (“buttermilk”), Romanian zară (“buttermilk”) and Waigali zōr (“milk”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈɫak]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈlak]

名詞

lac n (genitive lactis); third declension

1. milk

   Cum lacte nutricis. ― With the nurse's milk.

2. for something sweet, pleasant
   • c. 189 BCE, Plautus, Truculentus 178–179:

     In melle sunt linguae sitae vostrae atque orationes, lacteque; corda felle sunt lita, atque acerbo aceto.

     In honey your tongues and speeches are dipped, and in milk; your hearts are smeared with gall and with bitter vinegar.

   • c. 95 CE, Quintilianus, Institutio oratoria 2.4.5:

     […] , ut [doctores] teneras adhuc mentes […] satiari velut quodam iucundioris disciplinae lacte patiantur.

     […] , that teachers may let minds tender still be satisfied as by the milk of a more pleasant discipline.

3. milky juice

   Lac herbae. ― Milk of a plant.

   cum lacte veneni. ― with poisonous milk.

   • c. 1st century BCE, Anonymous (formerly misattributed to Ovid), Nux

     Lamina mollis adhuc tenero dum lacte, quod intro est,
     nec mala sunt ulli nostra futura bono.

     As their nutshell still remains soft with something tenderly milky inside,
     my future fruits are not good to anyone.

4. (poetic) milk-white color
   • 2 CE, Ovidius, Ars Amatoria 1.290:

     Forte sub umbrosis nemorosae vallibus Idae
     candidus, armenti gloria, taurus erat,
     signatus tenui media inter cornua nigro;
     una fuit labes, cetera lactis erant.

     As fortune had it, in the shadowy valleys of forested Ida,
     there was a white bull, the glory of its herd,
     marked by slightly black colour between its horns;
     the blemish was (only) one, the rest were milk-white.

使用する際の注意点

• Rarely used in the plural.

語形変化

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

派生語

派生した語

• Late Latin: lactis (see there for further descendants)
• Borrowings:
  • ⇒ English: lactic, lact(o)-
  • → Esperanto: lakto
    • Ido: lakto
  • → Interlingua: lacte

参考

参照

Further reading

• “lac”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “lac”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "lac", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) to imbibe error from one's mother's breasts: errorem cum lacte nutricis sugere (Tusc. 3. 1. 2)
    

発音

• IPA: /lɑːk/

接尾辞

-lāc n

1. noun suffix denoting activity (compare Modern English -ation)

   feohtlāc ― fighting

2. practice, action or process of

   wedlāc ― pledge, plighted troth

3. act of

   hǣmedlāc ― sexual intercourse

4. gift

   frēolāc ― oblation, free-will offering

   sǣlāc ― sea-gift

語形変化

Strong a-stem:

派生語

派生した語

• Middle English: -lac, -lec, -lok
  • English: -lock (only in wedlock, bridelock)
  • Scots: -laik, -lok, -locke