bogとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English bog, from Irish and Scottish Gaelic bogach (“soft, boggy ground”), from Old Irish bog (“soft”),^[1] from Proto-Celtic *buggos (“soft, tender”) + Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos.

The frequent use to form compounds regarding the animals and plants in such areas mimics Irish compositions such as bog-luachair (“bulrush, bogrush”).^[1]

Its use for toilets is now often derived from the resemblance of latrines and outhouse cesspools to bogholes,^[2][3] but the noun sense appears to be a clipped form of boghouse (“outhouse, privy”),^[4] which derived (possibly via boggard) from the verb to bog,^[5] still used in Australian English.^[3] The derivation and its connection to other senses of "bog" remains uncertain, however, owing to an extreme lack of early citations due to its perceived vulgarity.^[6][7]

名詞

bog (複数形 bogs)

2. (originally Ireland and Scotland) An area of decayed vegetation (particularly sphagnum moss) which forms a wet spongy ground too soft for walking; a marsh or swamp.
   • 1599, William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene vii], line 56:

     They that ride so... fall into foule Boggs.

   • 1612, John Speed, chapter IV, in The Theatre of the Empire of Great Britaine, volume IV, page 143:

     Certaine... places [in Ireland]... which of their softnes are vsually tearmed Boghes.

   • 1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Lost World […], London, New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:

     [W]e entered a region where the stream widened out and formed a considerable bog.

   • 2004 November 15, Retro Studios, Metroid Prime 2: Echoes, Nintendo, level/area: Main Energy Controller (Great Temple):

     U-Mos: 'The swamplands of Torvus are treacherous, and can hinder you considerably. Bear this in mind as you move through the bog.'

3. (figuratively) Confusion, difficulty, or any other thing or place that impedes progress in the manner of such areas.
   • 1614, John King, Vitis Palatina, page 30:

     ...quagmires and bogges of Romish superstition...

   • a. 1796, Robert Burns, Poems & Songs, volume I:

     Last day my mind was in a bog.

   • 1841, Charles Dickens, chapter LXXII, in Barnaby Rudge, page 358:

     He wandered out again, in a perfect bog of uncertainty.

4. (uncountable) The acidic soil of such areas, principally composed of peat; marshland, swampland.
   • a. 1687, William Petty, Political Arithmetick:

     Bog may by draining be made Meadow.

6. (UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand, slang) A place to defecate: originally specifically a latrine or outhouse but now used for any toilet.

   I'm on the bog ― I'm sitting on/using the toilet

   I'm in the bog ― I'm in the bathroom

   • 1665, Richard Head, et al, The English Rogue Described in the Life of Meriton Latroon, volume I:

     Fearing I should catch cold, they out of pity covered me warm in a Bogg-house.

   • a. 1789, Verses to John Howard F.R.S. on His State of Prisons and Lazarettos, published 1789, page 181:

     ...That no dirt... be thrown out of any window, or down the bogs...

   • 1864, J.C. Hotten, The Slang Dictionary, page 79:

     Bog, or bog-house, a privy as distinguished from a water-closet.

   • 1959, William Golding, chapter I, in Free Fall, page 23:

     Our lodger had our upstairs, use of the stove, our tap, and our bog.

7. (Australia and New Zealand, slang) An act or instance of defecation.
8. (US, dialect) A little elevated spot or clump of earth, roots, and grass, in a marsh or swamp.

別の表記

• (wet spongy areas または ground): bogg, bogge, boghe (all 廃れた用法)

同意語

• (wet spongy areas または ground): bogland, bogmire, fen, marsh, marshland, mire, morass, peat bog, slough, swamp, swampland, quagmire, wetlands; moss (Scottish); pakihi (NZ); muskeg (カナダ用法)
• (any place または thing that impedes progress): mire, quagmire
• (toilet): See also Thesaurus:toilet and Thesaurus:bathroom

下位語

• (small marsh): boglet

派生語

関連する語

• (like a marsh): boggy, boggish
• (marshy quality): bogginess
• (to create a marsh): boggify

参考

• bog-standard

動詞

bog (三人称単数 現在形 bogs, 現在分詞 bogging, 過去形および過去分詞形 bogged)

1. (transitive, now often with "down") To sink or submerge someone or something into bogland.
   • 1928, American Dialect Society, American Speech, volume IV, page 132:

     To be 'bogged down' or 'mired down' is to be mired, generally in the 'wet valleys' in the spring.

2. (figuratively) To prevent or slow someone or something from making progress.
   • 1605, Ben Jonson, Seianus His Fall, act IV, scene i, line 217:

     […] Bogg'd in his filthy Lusts […]

   • 1641, John Milton, Animadversions, page 58:

     […] whose profession to forsake the World... bogs them deeper into the world.

3. (intransitive, now often with "down") To sink and stick in bogland.
   • a. 1800, The Trials of James, Duncan, and Robert M'Gregor, Three Sons of the Celebrated Rob Roy, page 120:

     Duncan Graham in Gartmore his horse bogged; that the deponent helped some others to take the horse out of the bogg.

4. (figuratively) To be prevented or impeded from making progress, to become stuck.
5. (intransitive, originally vulgar UK, now chiefly Australia) To defecate, to void one's bowels.
6. (transitive, originally vulgar UK, now chiefly Australia) To cover or spray with excrement.
7. (transitive, Britain, informal) To make a mess of something.

別の表記

• bogg, bogue (both 廃れた用法)

派生語

語源 2

See bug^[8]

名詞

bog (複数形 bogs)

1. (obsolete) Alternative form of bug: a bugbear, monster, or terror.

別の表記

• bogge; see also bug

派生語

• take bog

語源 3

Uncertain,^[9] although possibly related to bug in its original senses of "big" and "puffed up".

別の表記

• (all senses): bug (Derbyshire & Lincolnshire)

形容詞

bog (comparative bogger, superlative boggest)

1. (obsolete) Bold; boastful; proud.
   • 1592, William Warner, chapter XXXVII, in Albions England, volume VII, page 167:

     The Cuckooe, seeing him so bog, waxt also wondrous wroth.

   • 1691, John Ray, South and East Country Words, page 90:

     Bogge, bold, forward, sawcy. So we say, a very bog Fellow.

派生語

• boggish, boggishly

名詞

bog (複数形 bogs)

1. (obsolete) Puffery, boastfulness.
   • 1839, Charles Clark, John Noakes and Mary Styles, l. 3:

     Their bog it nuver ceases.

動詞

bog (三人称単数 現在形 bogs, 現在分詞 bogging, 過去形および過去分詞形 bogged)

1. (transitive, obsolete) To provoke, to bug.
   • 1546, State Papers King Henry the Eighth, volume XI, published 1852, page 163:

     If you had not written to me... we had broke now, the Frenchmen bogged us so often with departing.

   • 1556, Nicholas Grimald's translation of Cicero as Marcus Tullius Ciceroes Thre Bokes of Duties to Marcus His Sonne, Vol. III, p. 154:

     A Frencheman: whom he [Manlius Torquatus] slew, being bogged [Latin: provocatus] by hym.

語源 4

From bug off, a clipping of bugger off, likely under the influence of bog (coarse British slang for "toilet[s]").

動詞

bog (三人称単数 現在形 bogs, 現在分詞 bogging, 過去形および過去分詞形 bogged)

1. (euphemistic, slang, Britain, usually with "off") To go away.

派生語

• bog off

参考

• spag bog

参照

アナグラム

• gob

別の表記

• bōh

語源

From Proto-Germanic *bōguz. Cognate with Old Saxon bōg, Old High German buog, Old Norse bógr.

発音

• IPA^(key): /boːɡ/, [boːɣ]

名詞

bōg m

1. a branch or bough of a tree
2. a tendril or sprig of a plant
3. the arm or shoulder

語形変化

関連する語

• bēag
• bīeġan
• bīeġels
• boga
• būgan
• byġe
• byht
• ġebīeġednes

派生した語

• Middle English: boȝ, bogh
  • English: bough
  • Scots: beuch