Triumphusとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Old Latin triumpus, via Etruscan *𐌈𐌓𐌉𐌀𐌌𐌐𐌄 (*θriampe), ultimately from Ancient Greek θρῐ́ᾰμβος (thrĭ́ămbos, “a hymn to Bacchus; a Roman triumph”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [triˈʊm.pʰʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [triˈum.fus]
• ハイフネーション: tri‧um‧phus

名詞

triumphus m (genitive triumphī); second declension

1. a hymn in honor of Bacchus (translating Greek θρίαμβος (thríambos))
2. (vocative, addressing Thriambus) triumpe (a ritual exclamation of the Arval Brothers)
3. the Roman Triumph (a ceremonial procession in celebration of a military victory)
   • 55 BCE, Cicero, In Pisonem 24:

     At audistis, patres conscripti, philosophi vocem: negavit se triumphi cupidum umquam fuisse.

     But Conscript Fathers, you heard the voice of the philosopher: he denied that he has ever had the desire for a triumph.

   • 77 CE – 79 CE, Plinius Maior, Naturalis Historia 14.17.97:

     quid? non et Caesar dictator triumphi sui cena vini Falerni amphoras, Chii cados in convivia distribuit?

     What? Did not Caesar the dictator distribute amphoras of Falernian wine at the feast at his triumph, and jars of Chian at the banquet?

4. triumph, celebration (any celebration of victory)
   • c. 37 CE – 41 CE, Seneca Maior, Controversiae 9.6:

     Ille Graeciae servator et vindex Persarum orientisque domitor, cui modo tam insignem triumphum Fortuna de hoste detulerat

     That saviour of Greece and victor over the Persians, vanquisher of the Orient, whom Fortune had just conferred so signal a triumph over his foe

語形変化

Second-declension noun.

派生した語

参照

Further reading

• “triumphus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• triumphus in Georges, Karl Ernst; Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 2, Hahnsche Buchhandlung, columns 3233–3234
• R. E. Latham, D. R. Howlett, & R. K. Ashdowne, editors (1975–2013), “triumphus”, in Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources‎, London: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, →ISBN, →OCLC
• “trĭumphus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 1605.
• Harm Pinkster, editor (2018), “triumphus”, in Woordenboek Latijn/Nederlands‎, 7th revised edition, Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC
• Latino-Sinicum [ = 奏凱／奏凯 (zòukǎi), 還朝/还朝, 眾人護衛陪送傘旗/众人护卫陪送伞旗], in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
• "TRIUMPHUS", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “triumphus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “TRIUMPHUS”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
• “Triumphus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to triumph over some one: triumphum agere de or ex aliquo or c. Gen. (victoriae, pugnae)
    
  • to lead some one in triumph: per triumphum (in triumpho) aliquem ducere
    
  • the senate decrees to Africanus the honours of a triumph: triumphum senatus Africano decernit (Fin. 4. 9. 22)