trumpとは意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

Possibly from French triomphe (“triumph”) or Old French triumphe. If so, it is a doublet of triumph and thriambus.

名詞

trump (複数形 trumps)

1. (card games) The suit, in a game of cards, that outranks all others.

   Diamonds were declared trump(s).

   • 1730, Jonathan Swift, "Death And Daphne," in Some Verse Pieces:

     And now her Heart with Pleasure jumps,

     She scarce remembers what is Trumps.

2. (card games) A playing card of that suit.

   He played an even higher trump.

3. (figuratively) Something that gives one an advantage, especially one held in reserve.
   • 1593, anonymous, The Life and Death of Iacke Straw […], Act IV:

     VVere Iacke Strawe a liue againe,
     And I in as good poſſibility as euer I was,
     I would lay a ſurer trumpe,
     Ere I would loſe ſo faire a tricke.

4. (colloquial, now rare) An excellent person; a fine fellow, a good egg.
   • 1838, Abraham Lincoln, “Address Before the Young Men's Lyceum of Springfield, Illinois”, in The Perpetuation of Our Political Institutions‎^[1]:

     [W]e permitted no hostile foot to pass over or desecrate his resting place; shall be that which to learn the last trump shall awaken our WASHINGTON.

   • 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “chapter 13”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, OCLC 57395299:

     All hands voted Queequeg a noble trump; the captain begged his pardon.

   • 1868, Louisa M[ay] Alcott, Little Women: Or, Meg, Jo, Beth and Amy, (please specify |part=1 または 2), Boston, Mass.: Roberts Brothers, OCLC 30743985, pages 19 and 163:

     Brooke was a trump to telegraph right off.

   • 1854, Arthur Pendennis [pseudonym; William Makepeace Thackeray], The Newcomes: Memoirs of a Most Respectable Family, volume (please specify |volume=I または II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], OCLC 809623158:

     Alfred is a trump, I think you say.

5. An old card game, almost identical to whist; the game of ruff.
   • c. 1529, Hugh Latimer, Sermons on the Card

     There be many one that breaketh this carde, […] and playeth there with oftentimes at the blinde trompe, wherby they be no winners but great losers

   • 1598, John Florio, “Trump”, in A Worlde of Words, or Most Copious, and Exact Dictionarie in Italian and English, […], London: […] Arnold Hatfield for Edw[ard] Blount, OCLC 222555892:

     Trionfo, […] also a trump at cards, or the play called trump or ruff.

6. A card of the major arcana of the tarot.

使用する際の注意点

For the top-ranking suit as a whole, American usage favors the singular trump and British usage the plural trumps.

動詞

trump (三人称単数 現在形 trumps, 現在分詞 trumping, 過去形および過去分詞形 trumped)

1. (transitive, card games) To play on (a card of another suit) with a trump.

   He knew the hand was lost when his ace was trumped.

   • 1848 November – 1850 December​, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 52, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I または II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], OCLC 2057953:

     He lost his money at whist after dinner, and actually trumped his partner’s highest spade.

2. (intransitive, card games) To play a trump, or to take a trick with a trump.
3. (transitive) To get the better of, or finesse, a competitor.
   • 1629 (first performance), B[en] Jonson, The Nevv Inne. Or, The Light Heart. […], London: […] Thomas Harper, for Thomas Alchorne, […], published 1631, OCLC 913380815, (please specify the page, または act number in uppercase Roman numerals), (please specify the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):

     , Act 1, Scene 3

     to trick or trump mankind

4. (transitive, dated) To impose unfairly; to palm off.
   • 1699, Charles Leslie, A Short and Easy Method with the Deists

     Authors have been trumped upon us.

5. (transitive) To supersede.

   In this election, it would seem issues of national security trumped economic issues.

6. (transitive) To outweigh; be stronger, greater, bigger than or in other way superior to.

同意語

• (to play a trump card on another suit): ruff
• (to get the better of a competitor): outsmart

等位語

• (to play a trump card on another suit): underruff, overruff

派生語

語源 2

From Middle English trumpe, trompe (“trumpet”) from Old French trompe (“horn, trump, trumpet”), from Frankish *trumpa, *trumba (“trumpet”), from a common Germanic word of imitative origin.

Akin to Old High German trumpa, trumba (“horn, trumpet”), Middle Dutch tromme (“drum”), Middle Low German trumme (“drum”). More at trumpet, drum.

名詞

trump (複数形 trumps)

1. (archaic) A trumpet.
   • 1611, King James Bible, 1 Corinthians 15:52:

     In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump: for the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible

   • 1798, Joseph Hopkinson, “Hail, Columbia”:

     Sound, sound the trump of fame,

2. (slang, UK, childish, vulgar) Flatulence.
3. The noise made by an elephant through its trunk.

派生語