trumpとは

語源 1

Possibly from French triomphe (“triumph”) or Old French triumphe.

名詞

trump (複数形 trumps)

1. (card games) The suit, in a game of cards, that outranks all others.

   Diamonds were declared trump(s).

2. (card games) A playing card of that suit.

   He played an even higher trump.

3. (figuratively) Something that gives one an advantage, especially one held in reserve.
4. (colloquial, now まれに) An excellent person; a fine fellow, a good egg.
   • 1851, Herman Melville, Moby Dick, chapter 13

     All hands voted Queequeg a noble trump; the captain begged his pardon.

   • 1869 Louisa May Alcott, Little Women pg 19 and 163

     Meg hugged her on the spot, Jo pronounced her a 'trump'

     Brooke was a trump to telegraph right off.

     Well, my love, I consider him a trump, in the fullest sense of that expressive word, but I do wish he was a little younger and a good deal richer.”

   • 1933 Little Women film (Jo uses the term twice)
   • Thackeray

     Alfred is a trump, I think you say.

5. An old card game, almost identical to whist; the game of ruff.

   (Can we find かつ add a quotation of Decker to this entry?)

6. A card of the major arcana of the tarot.

使用する際の注意点

For the top-ranking suit as a whole, American usage favors the singular trump and British usage the plural trumps.

動詞

trump (三人称単数 現在形 trumps, 現在分詞 trumping, 過去形および過去分詞形 trumped)

1. (transitive, card games) To play on (a card of another suit) with a trump.

   He knew the hand was lost when his ace was trumped.

2. (intransitive, card games) To play a trump, or to take a trick with a trump.
3. (transitive) To get the better of, or finesse, a competitor.
   • Ben Jonson

     to trick or trump mankind

4. (transitive, dated) To impose unfairly; to palm off.
   • C. Leslie

     Authors have been trumped upon us.

5. (transitive) To supersede.

   In this election, it would seem issues of national security trumped economic issues.

同意語

• (to play a trump card on another suit): ruff
• (to get the better of a competitor): outsmart

等位語

• (to play a trump card on another suit): underruff, overruff

派生語

語源 2

From Middle English trompe (“trumpet”) from Old French trompe (“horn, trump, trumpet”), from Frankish *trumpa, *trumba (“trumpet”). Akin to Old High German trumpa, trumba (“horn, trumpet”), Middle Dutch tromme (“drum”), Middle Low German trumme (“drum”). More at trumpet, drum.

名詞

trump (複数形 trumps)

1. (archaic) A trumpet.
   • 1611, King James Bible, 1 Corinthians 15:52:

     In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump: for the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible

   • 1798, Joseph Hopkinson, “Hail, Columbia”:

     Sound, sound the trump of fame,

2. (slang, Britain, childish, vulgar) Flatulence.
3. The noise made by an elephant through its trunk.

動詞

trump (三人称単数 現在形 trumps, 現在分詞 trumping, 過去形および過去分詞形 trumped)

1. To blow a trumpet.
2. (intransitive, slang, Britain, childish, vulgar) To flatulate.

   And without warning me, as he lay there, he suddenly trumped next to me in bed.

語源 3

Shortening of Jew's-trump, which may be from French jeu-trump, jeu tromp, jeu trompe (a trump, または toy, to play with).

名詞

trump (複数形 trumps)

1. (dated, music) Synonym of Jew's harp.

Further reading

• Trump in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)