calculatorとは意味・読み方・使い方

語源

In the sense of a person, from Middle English calkelatour (“mathematician, astrologer”), borrowed from Latin calculātor, equivalent to calculate +‎ -or. The other meanings arose in Modern English.

発音

• IPA^(key): /ˈkæl.kjə.leɪ.tə(ɹ)/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /kæl.kjə.leɪ.təɹ/, [ˈkʰæɫ.kjəˌleɪ̯.ɾɚ]

名詞

calculator (複数形 calculators)

1. A mechanical or electronic device that performs mathematical calculations.
2. (dated) A person who performs mathematical calculation
   • 2020, Paul Krugman, Arguing with Zombies: Economics, Politics, and the Fight for a Better Future, page 145:

     First, many real-world investors bear little resemblance to the cool calculators of efficient-market theory: they're all too subject to herd behavior, to bouts of irrational exuberance and unwarranted panic.

3. A person who calculates (in the sense of scheming).
   • 1858, John Cumming, Thy Word is Truth: an apology for Christianity, page 112:

     You have in the merchant the shrewd calculator of probable contingencies; we shall see that we have in the prophet the absolute proclaimer of necessary and inevitable facts.

4. (obsolete) A set of mathematical tables.

同意語

• (electronic device): electronic calculator, pocket calculator
• (mechanical device): adding machine
• (person who performs mathematical calculations): computer (dated)
• (person who schemes): plotter, schemer
• (mathematical tables): ready reckoner, tables

派生語

関連する語

• calculate

参考

• ready reckoner
• slide rule
• tables
• calculators on Wikimedia Commons.

参照

• James A. H. Murray [et al.], editors (1884–1928), “Calculator”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), volume II (C), London: Clarendon Press, OCLC 15566697, pages 27–28, column 3.

Latin

語源

From calculō (“I calculate”) +‎ -tor.

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /kal.kuˈlaː.tor/, [käɫ̪kʊˈɫ̪äːt̪ɔr]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /kal.kuˈla.tor/, [kälkuˈläːt̪or]

名詞

calculātor m (genitive calculātōris, feminine calculātrīx); third declension

1. calculator, bookkeeper, accountant
2. computer, one versed in/teacher of arithmetic

語形変化

Third-declension noun.

同意語

• calculātrīx

動詞

calculātor

1. second-person singular future passive imperative of calculō
   1. "thou shalt be calculated, thou shalt be computed"
   2. (figuratively) "thou shalt be considered as, thou shalt be esteemed"
2. third-person singular future passive imperative of calculō
   1. "it shall be calculated, it shall be computed"
   2. (figuratively) "she shall be considered as, she shall be esteemed"

参照

• “calculator”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• calculator in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius かつ others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• calculator in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• “calculator”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “calculator”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin