liverwortとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From 中期英語 lyverwort, liverwort, from 古期英語 liferwyrt, equivalent to liver +‎ wort, from the belief that some species looked like livers and were useful for treating the liver medicinally.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈlɪv.ə.wɜːt/
• (米国発音) IPA: /ˈlɪv.ɚ.wɝːt/, /ˈlɪv.ɚ.wɔːɹt/

名詞

liverwort (countable and uncountable, plural liverworts)

1. A type of bryophyte with a leafy stem or leafless thallus characterized by a dominant gametophyte stage and a lack of stomata on the sporophyte stage of the life cycle.

   Synonym: hepatic

   Hypernyms: setaphyte < bryophyte < embryophyte < plant < organism

   Hyponym: Clevea

   Coordinate terms: (fellow bryophytes) hornwort, moss

   • 1929, Shiv Ram Kashyap, Liverworts of the Western Himalayas and the Panjab Plain, volume I, page 1:

     The liverworts are either thallose, without any differentiation into stem and leaves, or leafy.

   • 1985, W. B. Schofield, Introduction to Bryology, page 135:

     Since the thallus of some liverworts resembled a liver, such plants were considered useful in making a concoction that would aid in curing liver ailments. Hence the name "liver-plant," or liverwort. Unfortunately, there is no evidence that liverworts possess curative properties.

   • 2000 — Barbara Crandall-Stotler & Raymond E. Stotler, "Morphology and classification of the Marchantiophyta". pages 21-70 in A. Jonathan Shaw & Bernard Goffinet (Eds.), Bryophyte Biology, page 21.

     Like other bryophytes, liverworts are small, herbaceous plants of terrestrial ecosystems.

   • 2015, Dave Goulson, A Buzz in the Meadow: The Natural History of a French Farm, Picador, →ISBN, pages 24-25:

     At the time the Burgess Shale was laid down, life on land was pretty unexciting – there were a few primitive clubmosses and liverworts growing in wet areas near water, but little else. There would also have been a strand-line of washed-up plants and animals, edible detritus that was tantalisingly out of reach of the water-bound animals of the day. Inevitably, before long some arthropods began to drag themselves ashore to take advantage of these untapped resources. Their external skeletons, which perhaps originally evolved as a defence against predators, helped to support their bodies on land, giving them an edge in colonisation there over soft-bodied sea animals such as jellyfish and worms. To start with, these animals would presumably have been poorly waterproofed and had to return to water very regularly to prevent themselves drying out; or they would have had to stay in the dampest places, amongst rotting weed or damp moss. […] As the plants slowly adapted to life on land and spread away from the seas, they also grew taller as the competition for light intensified. To follow them, the animals had to improve their waterproofing. Some animal groups never really got the hang of this; for example, the few crustaceans that successfully invaded land, such as woodlice, are restricted to damp places to this day. Others, such as arachnids, evolved more-or-less waterproof cuticles and eggs, so that they were able to leave water far behind and occupy even the most inhospitable, arid environments on Earth.

2. A common flowering perennial herb of northern woodlands, Hepatica nobilis (syn. Anemone hepatica), used in traditional European herbal medicine.

   Synonyms: liverleaf, kidneywort, pennywort

   Near-synonym: liverweed

派生語

• leafy liverwort

関連する語

• lungwort (Pulmonaria spp.)
• spleenwort (Asplenium spp.)
• toothwort (Cardamine subg.Dentaria spp.)
• woundwort (Stachys spp. etc.)

参考

• Marchantiophyta

参照

• “liverwort”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.