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接尾辞

-gum

1. dative plural of -ga

語源 1

From 中期英語 gom, gome, gomme, goome, gum, gume, gumme, from 古期英語 gōma (“palate”), from Proto-West Germanic *gōmō, from Proto-Germanic *gaumô, *gōmô (“palate”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂- (“to gape, yawn”).

別の表記

• gom (Appalachia)
• goom (dialect)
• gumm (obsolete)

名詞

gum (plural gums)

1. (often in the plural) The flesh around the teeth.

同意語

• gingiva (medical)

派生語

動詞

gum (third-person singular simple present gums, present participle gumming, simple past and past participle gummed)

1. To chew, especially of a toothless person or animal.
2. (transitive) To deepen and enlarge the spaces between the teeth of (a worn saw), as with a gummer.

語源 2

From 中期英語 gomme, gumme, borrowed from Anglo-Norman gome, from Late Latin gumma, from Latin cummi, gummi, from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi), from Egyptian qmy (“anointing oil”), qmyt (“acanthus resin, gum”). Cognate with Spanish goma (“rubber”). Doublet of gumma.

発音

• enPR: gŭm, IPA: /ɡʌm/
• 韻: -ʌm
• Homophone: gome

名詞

gum (countable and uncountable, plural gums)

1. (botany, biochemistry, chiefly uncountable) A viscous water-soluble carbohydrate exudate of certain plants that hardens when it becomes dry, or such a substance as a component of a plant exudate.

   gum arabic

   gum-oleo-resin

2. (chiefly uncountable) Any viscous or sticky substance resembling the true gum.

   gum benzoin

   • 1833, John Kennedy, Geordie Chalmers; or, the Law in Glenbuckie, page 205:

     […] becoomed wi' the gum o' the coal-hill […]

3. (chiefly uncountable) Chewing gum.
4. (countable) A single piece of chewing gum.

   Do you have a gum to spare?

   • 2005, Zadie Smith, On Beauty, Penguin Books (2006), page 388:

     Levi unwrapped a gum and put it in his mouth.

5. (South Africa, often in the plural) A gummi candy.
6. (US, dialect, Southern US) A hive made of a section of a hollow gum tree; hence, any roughly made hive.
7. (US, dialect, Southern US) A vessel or bin made from a hollow log.
8. (US, dialect) A rubber overshoe.
9. A gum tree, any of various types of trees or an individual thereof.

   Hyponyms: black gum, sour gum, sweet gum, sweet gum tree

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

• → Welsh: gwm
• → Korean: 껌 (kkeom)

動詞

gum (third-person singular simple present gums, present participle gumming, simple past and past participle gummed)

1. (sometimes with up) To apply an adhesive or gum to; to make sticky by applying a sticky substance to.
   • 2012, Julie Hedgepeth Williams, A Rare Titanic Family: The Caldwells' Story of Survival, →ISBN, page 184:

     However, Albert said in his audiotape and in his speech that a lever designed to release the lifeboat's block and tackle was gummed up with red paint.

2. To stiffen with glue or gum.
   • c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:

     He frets like a gummed velvet.

3. (sometimes with together) To inelegantly attach into a sequence.
   • 1946, George Orwell, Politics and the English Language:

     It consists in gumming together long strips of words [that] have already been set in order by someone else, and making the results presentable by sheer humbug.

4. (colloquial, with up) To impair the functioning of a thing or process.

   That cheap oil will gum up the engine valves.

   The new editor can gum up your article with too many commas.

派生語

• gum up
• gummable
• by gum

参照

アナグラム

• MGU, mug