英和和英

語源 1

Inherited from Late 中期英語 derogaten, from derogat(e) (“annulled, abrogated”, used participially and later as the past participle of derogaten) +‎ -en (verb-forming suffix) borrowed from Latin dērogātus, perfect passive participle of dērogō (“to annul, repeal part of a law, take away, detract from”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from dē- (“from”) + rogō (“to ask, enquire; to propose a law”). Sporadic participial usage of the adjective up until Early Modern English.

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /ˈdɛɹəɡeɪt/

動詞

derogate (third-person singular simple present derogates, present participle derogating, simple past and past participle derogated)

1. (transitive) To partially repeal (a law etc.). [16th–17th c.]
   • 1713, Matthew Hale, A History and Analysis of the Common Law of England:

     By several contrary customs, […] many of the civil and canon laws are controlled and derogated.

2. (transitive) To detract from (something); to disparage, belittle. [from 16th c.]

   Synonyms: vilify, depreciate, downplay; see also Thesaurus:trivialize

   Antonyms: praise, laud, glorify; see also Thesaurus:exaggerate, Thesaurus:glorify

   • 1642, John Milton, An Apology for Smectymnuus:

     I never thought the human frailty of erring in cases of religion, infamy to a state, no more than to a council: it had therefore been neither civil nor christianly, to derogate the honour of the state for that cause [...].

   • 1999, Ziva Kunda, Social Cognition, page 222:

     When the need for self-affirmation is satisfied through other means, one is less compelled to derogate members of negatively stereotyped groups.

   • 2001, Russell Cropanzano, Justice in the Workplace, volume II, page 104:

     Bandura (1990) gave a related example of gas chamber operators in Nazi prison camps, who found it necessary to derogate and dehumanize their victims rather than become overwhelmed by distress.

3. (ambitransitive) To take away (something from something else) in a way which leaves it lessened. [from 16th c.]
   • 1532, Thomas More, The Supper of the Lord:

     Anything […] that should derogate, minish, or hurt his glory and his name.

   • 1790 November, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, and on the Proceedings in Certain Societies in London Relative to that Event. […], London: […] J[ames] Dodsley, […], →OCLC:

     It derogates little from his fortitude, while it adds infinitely to the honor of his humanity.

4. (intransitive) To detract from (a quality of excellence, authority etc.). [from 16th c.]
   • 1857, Anthony Trollope, Barchester Towers, Volume the Second, →ISBN, page 147:

     In doing so she had derogated from her dignity and committed herself.

   • 1946, Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, I.19:

     God does not have the attributes of a Christian Providence, for it would derogate from His perfection to think about anything except what is perfect, i.e. Himself.

   • 1967 December 5, “The undoing of Dodd”, in Time:

     The six-member Committee on Standards and Conduct unanimously recommended that the Senate censure the Connecticut Democrat for behavior that is "contrary to good morals, derogates from the public trust expected of a Senator, and tends to bring the Senate into dishonor and disrepute."

5. (intransitive) To act in a manner below oneself; to debase oneself. [from 17th c.]
   • 1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:

     CLOTEN. Is it fit I went to look upon him? Is there no derogation in't?
     SECOND LORD. You cannot derogate, my lord.

   • 1830 August, William Hazlitt, edited by P.P. Howe, The Complete Works of William Hazlitt‎, published 1967, page 302:

     Would Charles X. derogate from his ancestors? Would he be the degenerate scion of that royal line?

使用する際の注意点

• The verb is relatively uncommon, but the related adjective derogatory is common.

派生語

語源 2

Inherited from 中期英語 derogat(e) (“annulled, abrogated”, used participially and later as the past participle of derogaten), see Etymology 1 and -ate (adjective-forming suffix) for more.

形容詞

derogate (comparative more derogate, superlative most derogate)

1. (obsolete, as a participle) Derogated, annulled in part.
   • 1563 March 30 (Gregorian calendar), John Foxe, “The Martyrdom of Frankesh, Middleton and Sheterden”, in Actes and Monuments of These Latter and Perillous Dayes, […], London: […] Iohn Day, […], →OCLC, book V, page [1302]:

     The once made oblation of Christes is herby derogate, when this sacramentall oblation and offering of thankes geuing is beleued to be propiciatory, and that it purgeth the soule, as well of the lyuynge as of the deade, agaynst this saying to the Hebrues: with one only oblation he hath made perfect for euer those that are sanctyfyed. Agayne where is remission, there is no more oblation for synnes, making vs cleane by hym.

2. (archaic) Debased, deteriorated.
   • c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv], page 289, column 1:

     It may be ſo, my Lord.
     Heare Nature, heare deere Goddeſſe, heare :
     Suſpend thy purpoſe, if thou did'ſt intend To make this Creature fruitfull :
     Into her Wombe conuey ſtirrility,
     Drie vp in her the Organs of increaſe,
     And from her derogate body, neuer ſpring
     A Babe to honor her.

関連する語

Further reading

• “derogate”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

アナグラム

• dogeater, erogated