英和和英

名詞

pro-verb (plural pro-verbs)

1. (linguistics, grammar) A pro-form used to substitute for a verb or verb phrase.
   • 1875, Simon Kerl, A Common School Grammar of the English Language‎, page 150:

     “They herd cattle, and raise corn, just as we used to do”; i.e., to herd cattle and raise corn. Do is sometimes thus used as a sort of pro-verb to represent an active verb or a phrase.

   • 2000, Laurel Brinton, The Structure of Modern English: A Linguistic Introduction, page 206:

     The pro-verb do is like a pronoun; just as a pronoun replaces the entire NP, the pro-verb replaces an entire VP.

使用する際の注意点

In some languages an auxiliary verb may function as a pro-verb, coreferential with a verb or verb phrase. The most common pro-verb in English is do.

参照

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈpɹɒvɜːb/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈpɹɑˌvɝb/

名詞

proverb (plural proverbs)

1. A commonly used sentence expressing popular wisdom.

   Coordinate terms: epigram, idiom; see also Thesaurus:saying

   Near-synonyms: aphorism, maxim, adage, saw, saying, apothegm, byword, paroemia, sententia (Latin)

   • 2007 January 26, Stefan Kanfer, “In Lower Manhattan, the Echo of the Yiddish Stage Endures”, in The New York Times‎, archived from the original on 31 March 2019:

     As a Yiddish proverb has it: Badarf men hunik ven tsuker iz zis? Who needs honey when sugar is sweet?

   • 2021 [1996], Colin S.K. Walker, Scottish Proverbs, Edinburgh, Scotland: Birlinn, →ISBN:

     The definition of a proverb is no simple matter and has occupied scholars from Ancient Greece until the present day. Lord John Russell defined the proverb as ‘the wisdom of many and the wit of one’. The celebrated Spanish writer Cervantes said that a proverb is ‘a short sentence drawn from long experience’. Generally it is accepted that a proverb is a short, pithy traditional saying, which contains some widely accepted knowledge, or which offers advice or presents a moral. This present volume also contains many phrases and sayings which are not strictly proverbs as we use the term today, although we may still think of them as such. This situation arises because, prior to the eighteenth century it was common for the term to include metaphors, similes, and descriptive epithets. […] The essence of a proverb lies in it being a ‘traditional saying’ i.e. something which has commonly passed from one generation to another by word of mouth. […] In his book On the Lessons in Proverbs (1852), Richard Chevenix Trenchard says that there is one quality of the proverb which is the most essential of all: "… popularity, acceptance and adoption on the part of the people. Without this popularity, without these suffrages and this consent of the many, no saying, however seasoned with salt, however worthy on all these accounts to have become a proverb, however fulfilling all other its conditions, can yet be esteemed as such."

2. (obsolete) Any commonly used turn of phrase expressing a metaphor, simile, or descriptive epithet. [before 18th c.]
   • 2021 [1996], Colin S.K. Walker, Scottish Proverbs, Edinburgh, Scotland: Birlinn, →ISBN:

     The definition of a proverb is no simple matter and has occupied scholars from Ancient Greece until the present day. Lord John Russell defined the proverb as ‘the wisdom of many and the wit of one’. The celebrated Spanish writer Cervantes said that a proverb is ‘a short sentence drawn from long experience’. Generally it is accepted that a proverb is a short, pithy traditional saying, which contains some widely accepted knowledge, or which offers advice or presents a moral. This present volume also contains many phrases and sayings which are not strictly proverbs as we use the term today, although we may still think of them as such. This situation arises because, prior to the eighteenth century it was common for the term to include metaphors, similes, and descriptive epithets. […] The essence of a proverb lies in it being a ‘traditional saying’ i.e. something which has commonly passed from one generation to another by word of mouth. […] In his book On the Lessons in Proverbs (1852), Richard Chevenix Trenchard says that there is one quality of the proverb which is the most essential of all: "… popularity, acceptance and adoption on the part of the people. Without this popularity, without these suffrages and this consent of the many, no saying, however seasoned with salt, however worthy on all these accounts to have become a proverb, however fulfilling all other its conditions, can yet be esteemed as such."

3. (obsolete) A striking or paradoxical assertion; an obscure saying; an enigma; a parable.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, John 16:29:

     His disciples said unto him, Lo, now speakest thou plainly, and speakest no proverb.

4. (obsolete) A familiar illustration; a subject of contemptuous reference.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Deuteronomy 28:37:

     Thou shalt become an astonishment, a proverb, and a by word, among all nations.

5. (obsolete) A drama exemplifying a proverb.

派生語

動詞

proverb (third-person singular simple present proverbs, present participle proverbing, simple past and past participle proverbed)

1. To write or utter proverbs.
2. To name in, or as, a proverb.
   • 1671, John Milton, Samson Agonistes, lines 203–205:

     Am I not sung and proverbed for a fool / In every street, do they not say, "How well / Are come upon him his deserts?"

3. To provide with a proverb.
   • c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv]:

     I am proverbed with a grandsire phrase.

参考

• Category:English proverbs

参照

• “proverb”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

Further reading

• proverb on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• list of proverbial phrases on Wikipedia.Wikipedia