Quintalとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (米国発音) IPA: /ˈkwɪntl/, /ˈkwɪnl/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈkwɪntl/, /ˈkwɪntəl/
• 韻: (Received Pronunciation) -ɪntəl

別の表記

• quintale (chiefly Italian contexts)
• kintal, kintle, kantal, kental, kentle (dialectical)
• quintell, quintall, quintaile, quintail, kyntal, kyntall, kyntayl, kintall, kyntal, kentall, kentell (obsolete)

語源 1

Late 中期英語, from Anglo-Norman quintal, from Middle French quintal, from Old French and Medieval Latin quintale and quintallus (“various medieval hundredweights”), from Arabic قِنْطَار (qinṭār, “100 rottols”), from Classical Syriac ܩܰܢܛܺܝܪܳܐ (qanṭīrā) and ܩܰܢܛܺܝܢܳܪܳܐ (qanṭīnārā), from Byzantine Greek κεντηνάριον (kentēnárion), from Latin centēnārium (“100 Roman pounds”), from the neuter of centēnārius (“having 100 things”). Use for various non-English units, borrowed from French quintal, Spanish quintal, Portuguese quintal, etc. The apparent relation to quint- (“five, fivefold”) and -al (forming adjectives) is accidental, although it possibly influenced the eventual spelling of the term. Doublet of centenary, centner, and kantar.

名詞

quintal (plural quintals)

1. (historical) Synonym of hundredweight, 100 or 112 English or American pounds.
   • 2011, Thomas Penn, Winter King, Penguin, published 2012, page 204:

     In one import license alone, the merchant in question was instructed to bring in 13,000 quintals of alum, which, snapped up by industries in England and the Low Countries, would yield the king a cool £8,666 13s 4d.

2. (historical) Various other similar units of weight in other systems.
3. An unofficial metric unit equal to 100 kg.

使用する際の注意点

Historically, the value varied with local values of pounds by time, location, and substance. At the time of metricization, the French quintal was 49.951 kg, the Portuguese quintal was 58.75 kg, the Spanish quintal was 46.014 kg, and the Milanese quintal was 32.67 kg. The present metric quintal is not officially recognized as part of the metric system.

等位語

• (Spanish unit of mass): libra (⁄₁₀₀ quintal), arroba (⁄₄ quintal), tonelada (20 quintals)
• (Portuguese unit of mass): arratel (⁄₁₂₈ quintal), arroba (⁄₄ quintal), quintalejo (⁄₂ quintal), tonelada (13+⁄₂ quintals)

派生語

• metric quintal

語源 2

From quint- (“five, fivefold”) + -al (forming adjectives).

名詞

quintal (plural quintals)

1. (grammar) A grammatical number referring to five (or more) things.
   • 2002, Kearsy Annette Cormier, Grammaticization of Indexic Signs: How American Sign Language Expresses Numerosity, page 69:

     Furthermore, if the number-incorporated pronouns are analyzed as grammatically marked for number, distinct grammatical categories for trial, quadral and quintal must be posited.

   • 2014, Sam Lutalo-Kiingi, A Descriptive Grammar of Morphosyntactic Constructions in Ugandan Sign Language (UgSL), page 198:

     In UgSL, we find a complete set of forms for dual, trial, quadral and quintal in several paradigmatic contrasts.

   • 2023, Raquel Veiga Busto, Person and Number: An Empirical Study of Catalan Sign Language Pronouns, page 164:

     All in all, this suggests that in LSC the differences observed in the motion taken by exact number pronouns is not grounded in a fundamental distinction between the dual vs. the trial, the quadral and the quintal.

形容詞

quintal (not comparable)

1. (grammar) Referring to five (or more) things; of, in or relating to the quintal grammatical number.
   • 1995, John W. M. Verhaar, Toward a Reference Grammar of Tok Pisin: An Experiment in Corpus Linguistics, page 20:

     What Table 4 does not show is the possibility of even "quadral" and "quintal" forms, like yufopela 'you four', 'the four of you', yufaipela 'you five', 'the five of you'.

   • 2014, Sam Lutalo-Kiingi, A Descriptive Grammar of Morphosyntactic Constructions in Ugandan Sign Language (UgSL), page 198:

     In sign languages, on the other hand, trial, quadral and quintal forms such as found in UgSL are not uncommon.

   • 2023, Raquel Veiga Busto, Person and Number: An Empirical Study of Catalan Sign Language Pronouns, page 102:

     Moreover, trial, quadral and quintal forms are given an identical status as number values in the pronominal domain.

使用する際の注意点

• It has been contested whether this grammatical phenomenon exists in human languages. If it does, it is almost entirely confined to sign languages. See also Grammatical number.

参照

• James A. H. Murray et al., editors (1884–1928), “Quintal”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 156695, column 2022.

参考

• (grammatical numbers) grammatical number; singular, dual, trial, quadral, quintal, paucal, plural