Ru-maとは 意味・読み方・使い方

形容詞

rūma

1. inflection of rūm:
   1. strong nominative/accusative feminine plural
   2. weak nominative masculine singular

名詞

rūma

1. genitive plural of rūm

別の表記

• rumis

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈrʊ.ma]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈruː.ma]
• The length of the ⟨u⟩ is not directly attested. Per Ernout and Meillet 1985, an original short value can be inferred based on the short ⟨u⟩ in the verb irrumō (“to sexually penetrate the mouth” <? “to give suck to”). However, association with rūmen led to confusion of sense and vowel quality in some words. A 1962-1963 note by Oswald Szemerényi in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae suggests alternatively that irrumō is from rūma (“throat”) with short ⟨u⟩ secondarily by pretonic shortening of ū in 'vulgar' speech. The vowel in rūma, rūmis is marked as long by De Vaan 2008 and the OLD 1968. Long ū can be found in some words that may be related, such as Rū̆mī̆na (the name or epithet of a goddess associated with nursing; scanned as Rūmĭna by Ovid as an epithet of the fig tree that was mythically associated with Romulus and Remus).

名詞

ruma f (genitive rumae); first declension (Old Latin; rare in Classical Latin)

1. (anatomy) udder; teat; breast

   Synonyms: ūber, sūmen

   • 116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Logistorici 7.2, (as cited by Nonius):

     Ruminae propter rumam, id est prisco vocabulo mammam

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • c. 2nd century, Sextus Pompeius Festus, De Verborum Significatione 266:

     Romulum quidam a fico Ruminali, ali quod lupae ruma nutritus est, appellatum esse ineptissime dixerunt.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • Augustine of Hippo, De Civitate Dei 7.11:

     Dixerunt eum Victorem, Inuictum, Opitulum, Inpulsorem, Statorem, Centumpedam, Supinalem, Tigillum, Almum, Ruminum et alia quae persequi longum est. Haec autem cognomina inposuerunt uni deo propter causas potestatesque diuersas, non tamen propter tot res etiam tot deos eum esse coegerunt: quod omnia uinceret, quod a nemine uinceretur, quod opem indigentibus ferret, quod haberet inpellendi, statuendi, stabiliendi, resupinandi potestatem, quod tamquam tigillus mundum contineret ac sustineret, quod aleret omnia, quod ruma, id est mamma, aleret animalia.

     • 1963 translation by William M. Green

       The pagans have called Jupiter by the titles Victor, Invictus, Opitulus, Impulsor, Stator, Centumpeda, Supinalis, Tigillus, Almus, Ruminus, and still others which it would be tedious to enumerate. They have applied all these names to one god for various reasons and because of his various powers. But they have not, though there are so many functions, compelled him to become as many different gods. The functions are that he is victor over all, and invincible, and brings help to the needy, and has the power of impelling, of causing to stand, of stabilizing, and of laying flat; because he maintains and sustains the world like a beam; because he nourishes all things, and nourishes all animals by the breast (ruma).

使用する際の注意点

• Archaic already by the time of Varro. Its few attestations occur mainly when it is mentioned in etymological discussions.

語形変化

First-declension noun.

派生語

語源 2

From rūmen. For the ending, compare plūma.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈruː.ma]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈruː.ma]

名詞

rūma f (genitive rūmae); first declension

1. (anatomy) throat; gullet
   • Maurus Servius Honoratus, In Vergilii Aeneidos Libros 8.90.9:

     Quamvis ficum ruminalem alii a Romulo velint dictam, quasi Romularem, alii a lacte infantibus dato: nam pars gutturis ruma dicitur.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (anatomy) rumen

   Synonym: rūmen

3. stomach; abdomen

   Synonyms: venter, pantex

語形変化

First-declension noun.

参照

Further reading

• “ruma”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• "ruma", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)