brekenとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Inherited from 古期英語 brecan, from Proto-West Germanic *brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną. Doublet of brayen (“to break up”).

発音

• IPA: /ˈbrɛ̞ːkən/

動詞

breken (third-person singular simple present breketh, present participle brekynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative brak, past participle breken or broken)

1. To break up or split; to break into two or more pieces:
   • c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)‎, published c. 1410, Apocalips 2:27, folio 118, recto, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

     "he ſchal gou̇ne hem ın an ırẽ ȝerde / ⁊ þei ſchulẽ be bꝛokũ togıdere .· as a veſſel of a pottere

     He'll control them with an iron rod, and they'll be broken apart like a potter's vessel.

   1. To pulverise; to break into innumerable small pieces.
   2. To break off; to split from a larger whole.
   3. (figurative, of the heart) To ruin or break.
   4. To injure (a person or bone)
      • c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)‎, published c. 1410, Joon 19:36, folio 55, recto, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

        and þeſe thingis werẽ don .· that the ſcripture ſchulde be fillid / ȝe ſchulen not bꝛeke a boon of hym

        These things occurred so Scripture could be fulfilled: "You won't break any of his bones".

2. To ruin or destroy:
   1. To dissolve or scatter (an institution or group)
   2. To mentally weaken or corrode; to break down.
   3. To violate; to fail to adhere to.
      • c. 1370, [William Langland], “[Passus 1]”, in Petrus plowmon (V, A-text), Worcestershire, published c. 1390, folio 395, verso, column 2; republished as Bodleian Library MS. Eng. poet. a. 1, Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 10 January 2019:

        ¶ Lucıfer w legıoũs. lerede hıt ın heuene / He was louelokeſt of sıht. aftur vr loꝛd. / Tıl he bꝛak Boxũnes. þoꝛw boſt of hım seluen

        "Lucifer with his legions learned this in heaven; / he was the most pleasing to see after our Lord, / until he broke [his] obedience due to his pride."

   4. To stop, end, or terminate.
   5. (medicine) To destroy or split (a pustule, rheum, etc.)
3. To pierce, break open or break into:
   1. To breach; to forcibly enter (especially to rob).
   2. To rupture or dent (fabric, a membrane, or the soil).
   3. (rare) To erupt; to break into (e.g. action or speech).
4. To break out; to escape from.
5. To pause or interrupt; to temporarily stop.
6. To swerve or bend; to be or put in a curve.

Conjugation

派生語

派生した語

• English: break
• Middle Scots: brek, breke
  • Scots: brack, breck, brak, brek
• Yola: brocke, brek

参照

• “brēken, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
• Rettger, James Frederick (1934), “The Development of Ablaut in the Strong Verbs of the East Midland Dialects of Middle English”, in Language (Language Dissertations; 16)‎, volume 10, number 4, Philadelphia: Linguistic Society of America, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, part 1 (Verbs of the Regular Ablaut Classes), chapter 4 (Verbs of the Fourth Ablaut Class), pages 45-49.