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Wiktionary英語版での「eke」の意味 |
eke
語源 1
The noun is derived from Middle English eke (“addition, increase, enlargement”), from 古期英語 ēaca,[1] from Proto-Germanic *aukô, from *aukaną (“to increase, add, enlarge”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewg- (“to enlarge, increase”).[2] The English noun is cognate with Old Frisian āka (“addition, increase; bonus”), Old Norse auki (“growth, increase, proliferation”).
The verb is derived partly:[3]
- from the noun; and
- from Middle English eken (“to increase, add, enlarge”) [and other forms], from three distinct verbs (1) 古期英語 īeċan (“to increase, add, enlarge”) (transitive), (2) ēacan (“to be enlarged または increased”), and (3) ēacian,[4] all from Proto-Germanic *aukaną (“to grow, increase”); see further above.
The English verb is cognate with Latin augeō (“to augment, increase; to enlarge, expand, spread; to lengthen; to exaggerate; to enrich; to honour; (比喩的に) to exalt, praise”), 古期英語 ēac (“also”), Old Norse auka (“to augment, increase; to add; to exceed, surpass”), Icelandic auka (“to augment, increase to add; to exceed, surpass”), (Danish øge (“to enhance; to increase”), Norwegian Bokmål øke (“to increase”), Norwegian Nynorsk auka (“to increase”), Swedish öka (“to increase”)).
名詞
- (obsolete except Britain, dialectal) An addition.
- 1786, Alexander Geddes, Prospectus of a New Translation of the Holy Bible from Corrected Texts of the Originals, Compared with the Ancient Versions. […], Glasgow: Printed for the author, and sold by R[obert] Faulder, […]; C. Eliot, […]; and —— Cross, […], →OCLC, page 95:
- [T]hey [the Catholics and Puritans] encumbered their verſion [of the Bible] with a load of uſeleſs Italics; often without the leaſt neceſſity, and almoſt always to the detriment of the text. In fact, either the words in Italics are virtually implied in the Hebrew, or they are not. In the former caſe they are a real part of the text, and ſhould be printed in the ſame character: in the latter, they are generally ill aſſorted and clumſy ekes, that may well be ſpared; and which often disfigure the narration under pretence of connecting it.
- (beekeeping, archaic) A small stand on which a beehive is placed.
- 1850, Henry Taylor, “Swarming (または Single Hiving) and Depriving Systems”, in The Bee-keepers Manual, or Practical Hints on the Management and Complete Preservation of the Honey-bee; […], 6th edition, London: Groombridge and Sons, […], →OCLC, pages 24–25:
- Various have been the contrivances for effecting the separation of storage and breeding departments in a hive. […] An empty box or hive, pushed beneath a full one, is denominated a Nadir,—a mode of practice not always advisable except in the case of swarms of the same year, or towards the latter end of very abundant seasons. A still smaller addition to a common hive consists of merely a few bands of straw, on which it is raised temporarily, and this constitutes an eke. […] The entrance to the stock-hive must be stopped, and one made at the bottom of the eke or nadir.
- (beekeeping) A spacer put between or over or under hive parts to make more space.[5]
派生語
動詞
eke (三人称単数 現在形 ekes, 現在分詞 eking または ekeing, 過去形および過去分詞形 eked)
- (transitive) Chiefly in the form eke out: to add to, to augment; to increase; to lengthen.
- 1694 October 8, John Houghton, compiler, “A Letter from a Lancashire Friend about Breeding Cattle. […]”, in Richard Bradley, editor, Husbandry and Trade Improv’d: Being a Collection of Many Valuable Materials Relating to Corn, Cattle, Coals, Hops, Wool, &c. […] In Three Volumes, volume I, number CXIII, London: Prin[t]ed for Woo[d]man and Lyon […], published 1727, →OCLC, page 303:
- a. 1751, Aaron Hill, “Free Thoughts upon Faith: Or, The Religion of Reason”, in The Poetical Works of Aaron Hill, Esq. […], Edinburgh: Printed by Mundell and Son, […], published 1794, →OCLC; republished in Robert Anderson, editor, The Works of the British Poets. […], volume VIII, London: Printed for John & Arthur Arch; and for Bell & Bradfute, and J. Mundell & Co. […], 1795, →OCLC, page 729, column 2:
- 1768, J[ohn] Ray, A Complete Collection of English Proverbs; also, the Most Celebrated Proverbs of the Scotch, Italian, French, Spanish, and Other Languages. […] Reproduced 動詞atim from the Edition of 1768., London: Printed for T. and J. Allman, […]; T. Boone, […]; and Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, […], published 1817, →OCLC, page 71:
- 1805 July, “Art. XIV. History of Great Britain. By William Belsham. Vol. XI. and XII. London, 1805. 8vo. [book review]”, in The Edinburgh Review, or Critical Journal, volume VI, number XII, Edinburgh: Printed by D. Willison, […], for Archibald Constable & Co. […], and Longman Hurst Rees and Orme, […], →OCLC, page 428:
- [T]he author [William Belsham] ekes out his volume with a great many extraneous details, which relate to a ſubſequent period; […] The whole work is ſingularly confuſed and deſultory: and, indeed, the plan which the author adopts, is altogether incompatible with that unity and coherence which is eſſential to hiſtory.
- 1811 June, “For the Anthology. Remarks on English Translations of the Roman Poets. No. 15. Juvenal.”, in The Monthly Anthology, and Boston Review. […], volume X, Boston, Mass.: Printed and published by T[homas] B. Wait and Co. […], →OCLC, page 384:
- It must be acknowledged, that Mr. [William] Gifford's versification is sometimes unharmonious, and even harsh; that, like almost every other translator, he too often has recourse to eking words in order to complete his measure, and that his rhymes are frequently imperfect and faulty.
- 1848, John Stuart Mill, “Continuation of the Same Subject [Of Peasant Proprietors]”, in Principles of Political Economy: With Some of Their Applications to Social Philosophy. […], volume I, London: John W[illiam] Parker, […], →OCLC, book II (Distribution), § 4, page 338:
- A majority of the properties are so small as not to afford a subsistence to the proprietors, of whom, according to some computations, as many as three millions are obliged to eke out their means of support either by working for hire, or by taking additional land, generally on metayer tenure.
- 1865, Oswald Cockayne, compiler and editor, “Leech Book”, in Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft of Early England. Being a Collection of Documents, for the Most Part Never Before Printed, Illustrating the History of Science in this Country Before the Norman Conquest. […] (Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores, または Chronicles かつ Memorials of Great Britain かつ Ireland during the Middle Ages; 35), London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green, →OCLC, book II, chapter xxxix, page 249:
- 1934, Robert Graves, chapter I, in I, Claudius: […], New York, N.Y.: The Modern Library, →OCLC, page 3:
- [I]t is indeed Claudius himself who is writing this book, and no mere secretary of his, and not one of those official annalists, either, to whom public men are in the habit of communicating their recollections, in the hope that elegant writing will eke out meagreness of subject-matter and flattery soften vices.
- 2011, Kamin Mohammadi, “Displaced”, in The Cypress Tree: A Love Letter to Iran, London: Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN; paperback edition, London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2012, →ISBN, page 197:
Conjugation
infinitive | (to) eke | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | eke | eked | |
2nd-person singular | eke, ekest† | eked, ekedst† | |
3rd-person singular | ekes, eketh† | eked | |
plural | eke | ||
subjunctive | eke | eked | |
imperative | eke | — | |
participles | eking | eked |
派生語
語源 2
From Middle English ek, eek, eke (“also”) [and other forms], from 古期英語 ēac, ǣc, ēc (“also”),[6] from Proto-West Germanic *auk, from Proto-Germanic *auk (“also, too; furthermore, in addition”), then either:[7][8]
- from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewg- (“to enlarge, increase”); or
- from Pre-Germanic *h₂ew (“away from, off; again”) + *g(ʰ)e (postpositional intensifying particle meaning ‘at any rate, indeed, in fact’)
The English word is cognate with Gothic (auk, “also; for, because; but also”), Old Frisian âk, Old High German ouh (“also, as well, too”) (Middle High German ouch, modern German auch (“also, as well, too”)), Old Norse auk (“also; かつ”) (Danish og (“かつ”), Swedish och (“かつ”), ock (“(dated) also, as well as, too”)), Old Saxon ôk, (Dutch ook (“also, too; moreover; either”)), Saterland Frisian ook, uk (“also, too”), West Frisian ek (“also, too”).[7]
副詞
eke (not comparable)
- (archaic) Also; in addition to.
- 1662, [Samuel Butler], “[The First Part of Hudibras]”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678, →OCLC; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge: University Press, 1905, →OCLC, canto I, page 12:
参照
- ^ “ēke, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ^ Compare “† eke, n.1”, in OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 1891.
- ^ “eke, v.”, in OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 1891; “eke1, v.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
- ^ “ēken, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ^ David A. Cushman ((Can we date this quote?)) “Eke”, in (please provide the title of the work)[1]
- ^ “ēk, adv. and conj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Compare “eke, adv.”, in OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 1891.
- ^ “eke2, adv.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
Weblio例文辞書での「eke」に類似した例文 |
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「eke」を含む例文一覧
該当件数 : 20件
His wife does home-work to eke out the income―piece out the income―help out the income―supplement the income.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
細君が内職をして生計の補いをしている - 斎藤和英大辞典
His wife does home-work to eke out―piece out―help out―supplement―the income.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
細君が内職をして生計を補っている - 斎藤和英大辞典
I must have some private work to eke out my income, the prices are so high.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
こう物が高くなっては内職でもしなくてはやりきれない - 斎藤和英大辞典
`Does our friend eke out his modest income with a crossing?発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
「われらが友人は、その慎ましい所得をcrossingで補填なさっているのですか? - H. G. Wells『タイムマシン』
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