contractualizeとは 意味・読み方・使い方

動詞

contractualize (三人称単数 現在形 contractualizes, 現在分詞 contractualizing, 過去形および過去分詞形 contractualized)

1. (law) To represent, model or formalize an agreement, intent or understanding within a legal framework or contract
   • 1977, American Foreign Policy Current Documents, page 460:

     This approach would contractualize the East's very large numerical advantages in most types of major armaments in the area.

   • 2003, Ivo Imparato, ‎Jeff Ruster, Slum Upgrading and Participation: Lessons from Latin America, page 157:

     During the consensus-building stage, the program design unit identifies potential program partners and begins to formalize their role in the project and contractualize their contribution.

   • 2011, Hanoch Sheinman, Promises and Agreements: Philosophical Essays, page 35:

     What promises or agreements should the law contractualize (または decontractualize)? For example, should the law contractualize so-called gratuitous or unbargained-for promises—promises that are not supported by consideration?

2. To outsource.
   1. To shift from hiring permanent employees to hiring temporary workers, especially those hired on a per-project basis (かつ thereby avoiding the need to provide legally mandated employee benefits).
      • 2018 April 26, Art Amansec, “Of endos, ‘contractuals‘ and contractualized employees”, in BusinessMirror‎^[1]:

        […] Labor Day is just around the corner, hence, it is timely to examine the current and hot issues affecting the workers’ sector. One such issue concerns the matter of endos, contractuals and contractualized employees. / Endos, contractuals and contractualized employees do not enjoy full security of tenure rights as guaranteed by the Constitution and the Labor Code.

      • 2002, Antonio A. Tujan, Globalizing Philippine Mining:

        Unceremonious disappearance of Mina's city buses is the latest management scheme aimed to retrench and contractualize workers, according to drivers and conductors of the Mina's Transit Corporation.

      • 2004, Ramgopal Agarwala, ‎Nagesh Kumar, ‎Michelle Riboud, Reforms, Labour Markets, and Social Security in India, page 145:

        Furthermore, it has been estimated that 20,000 jobs have been contractualized in nine top performing public sector enterprises called Navratnas (Joshi, ibid: 3 ).

      • 2007, Asia-Pacific Research Network. Conference, Jobs & Justice, page 258:

        Once a factory has contractualized the majority or all of its labor force, resorting to placement agencies is only a matter of time because the of the obvious advantages: there are less disruptions in production because of the turnover, there is less paperwork, and the company has a buffer for imposing work schedules and the like.

   2. To switch from providing public services by the government to contracting service providers in the private sector.
      • 2006, Graeme A. Hodge, Privatization and Market Development, page 112:

        The advent of the phrase commercial-in-confidence has indeed sent shivers up the spines of numerous citizen groups and auditors general as moves to contractualize and outsource have gathered  pace.

      • 2006, Eugene McLaughlin, The New Policing:

        As the 1980s progressed, it became clear across a variety of jurisdictions that neo-liberal governments were determined to privatize core state assets, contractualizing key functions and responsibilities, and defining the state's role as purchaser of services from a free market of competing providers.

      • 2007, Amanda Root, Market Citizenship: Experiments in Democracy and Globalization, page 60:

        The Labour Government elected in 1997 has continued this pattern of contractualizing citizens' relationships with the state, introcuding markets and private sector providers of state services, and it has made choice a centrepiece of its programme.