debauchとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• debosh (廃れた用法)

語源

1590s, from Middle French desbaucher (“entice from work または duty”), from Old French desbauchier (“to lead astray”), from des- + bauch (“beam”), from Frankish *balko,^[1] from Proto-Germanic *balkô, from Proto-Indo-European *bhelg- (“beam, plank”); latter origin of balk.

Evolution of sense unclear; may be literally “to shave/trim wood to make a beam” or may be “to leave/lure someone from a workshop”, Frankish *balko perhaps also meaning “workshop”.

Possible corruption by way of Anglicised French term bord (“edge, kerb”): kerb crawling as a synonym for prostitution. Parallels in modern German: Bordsteinschwalbe (“prostitute”, literally “Kerb-stone-swallow または kerb-bird”). English words bawd, bawdiness may be similarly connected.

発音

• IPA^(key): /dɪˈbɔːt͡ʃ/
• 韻: -ɔːtʃ

名詞

debauch (複数形 debauches)

1. An individual act of debauchery.
   • 1785, William Cowper, “Book IV. The Winter Evening.”, in The Task, a Poem, […], London: […] J[oseph] Johnson;  […], →OCLC, page 161:

     [E]v'ry twentieth pace / Conducts the unguarded noſe to ſuch a whiff / Of ſtale debauch forth-iſſuing from the ſtyes / That law has licenſed, as makes temp'rance reel.

   • 1828, [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], chapter XX, in Pelham; or, The Adventures of a Gentleman. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 196:

     I rose by candle-light, and consumed, in the intensest application, the hours which every other individual of our party wasted in enervating slumbers, from the hesternal dissipation or debauch.

   • 1884, Arthur Conan Doyle, John Barrington Cowles:

     As I supported him towards his lodgings I could see that he was not only suffering from the effects of a recent debauch, but that a long course of intemperance had affected his nerves and his brain.

   • 1902, Thomas Ebenezer Webb, The Mystery of William Shakespeare: A Summary of Evidence, page 242:

     Greene died of a debauch; and Marlowe, the gracer of tragedians, perished in an ignominious brawl.

   • 1913, Sax Rohmer, chapter 25, in The Insidious Dr. Fu Manchu:

     [T]he room probably was one which he actually used for opium debauches.

2. An orgy.
   • 1934 October, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Burmese Days, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, Publishers, →OCLC; republished as chapter 2, in Burmese Days (ebook no. 0200051h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, November 2015:

     The flowers, oppressive to the eyes, blazed with not a petal stirring, in a debauch of sun.

   • 1961 November 10, Joseph Heller, chapter 13, in Catch-22 […], New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC:

     [T]here were always the gay and silly sensual young girls that Yossarian had found and brought there and those that the sleepy enlisted men returning to Pianosa after their own exhausting seven-day debauch had brought there.

動詞

debauch (三人称単数 現在形 debauches, 現在分詞 debauching, 過去形および過去分詞形 debauched)

1. (transitive) To morally corrupt (someone); to seduce.
   • 1727, Daniel Defoe, chapter 9, in The History of the Devil:

     But the Devil had met with too much Success in his first Attempts, not to go on with his general Resolution of debauching the Minds of Men, and bringing them off from God.

2. (transitive) To debase (something); to lower the value of (something).
   • 1685, Matthew Prior, “A Satyr on the modern Translators”, in H. Bunker Wright, Monroe K. Spears, editors, The Literary Works of Matthew Prior, Second edition, volume I, Oxford: Clarendon Press, published 1971, page 19:

     Those who with nine months toil had spoil’d a Play,
     In hopes of Eating at a full Third day,
     Justly despairing longer to sustain
     A craving Stomach from an empty Brain,
     Have left Stage-Practice, chang’d their old Vocations,
     Atoning for bad Plays, with worse 翻訳,
     And like old Sternhold with laborious spite,
     Burlesque what nobler Muses better write:
     Thus while they for their Causes only seem
     To change the Channel, they corrupt the Stream.
     So breaking Vintners to increase their Wine,
     With nauseous Drugs debauch the generous Vine:
     So barren Gipsies for recruit are said,
     With Strangers Issue to maintain the Trade;
     But lest the fair Bantling should be known,
     A daubing Walnut makes him all their own.

   • 2014 March 23, Peter Hitchens, “We're being dragged into a new Cold War by a puffed-up bullfrog (かつ I don't mean President Putin)”, in Peter Hitchens's Blog at The Mail on Sunday (UK)‎^[1]:

     [S]aving of all kinds is pointless when interest is microscopic and state-sponsored inflation is debauching the currency.

3. (intransitive) To indulge in revelry.

派生語

関連する語

• balk

参照