gillとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English gile (“gill”) (early 14th century), of Scandinavian origin, akin to Swedish gäl, Danish gælle, Norwegian gjelle, and further to Old Norse gjǫlnar (“lips”), which also may have had the meaning of "gills" (based on Old Danish fiskegæln (“gills”)). The Old Norse word has been suggested as deriving from Proto-Germanic *gelunaz (“jaw”), which would make it root-cognate to Ancient Greek χελυνη (khelunē, “lip, jaw”), χεῖλος (kheîlos, “lip”).

Displaced native 古期英語 ċīe.

発音

• IPA^(key): /ɡɪl/
• Rhymes: -ɪl

名詞

gill (複数形 gills)

1. (animal anatomy) a breathing organ of fish and other aquatic animals
   • 1691, John Ray, The Wisdom of God Manifested in the Works of the Creation. […], London: […] Samuel Smith, […], OCLC 1179804186:

     Fishes […] perform their respiration under water by the gills.

2. (of a fish) a gill slit or gill cover

   Gill nets are designed to catch a fish by the gills.

3. (mycology) one of the radial folds on the underside of the cap of a mushroom, on the surface of which the spore-producing organs are borne

   Synonym: lamella

4. (animal anatomy) the fleshy flap that hangs below the beak of a fowl; a wattle
5. (figuratively) the flesh under or about the chin; a wattle
   • 1728, Jonathan Swift, Ballad on Ballyspellin

     dropsy fills you to the gills

6. (spinning) one of the combs of closely ranged steel pins which divide the ribbons of flax fiber or wool into fewer parallel filaments

同意語

• branchia

派生語

参考

• lung

動詞

gill (三人称単数 現在形 gills, 現在分詞 gilling, 過去形および過去分詞形 gilled)

1. To remove the gills from a fish as part of gutting and cleaning it.
   • 1948, Oliver Hazard Perry Rodman, The Saltwater Fisherman's Favorite Four, page 166:

     As we had fish home in the icebox, when Bill led the fish up alongside, I leaned over the combing, gilled the fish with my fingers, slid out the hook and let go. The bass lay there for a moment, tired from the arch of the rod and the pull of the line.

   • 2014, Scott Tippett, Polaris, →ISBN, page 99:

     She gutted and gilled the fish, then scaled it.

2. (transitive) To catch (a fish) in a gillnet.
   • 1898, Report of the Commissioner of Fisheries to the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, page 255:

     Owing to the peculiar shape of the pompano and the relatively large mesh in the pompano gill nets, the fish are not caught by being actually gilled.

   • 1971, Michael Culley, G. A. Kerkut, The Pilchard: Biology and Exploitation →ISBN, page 70:

     In cases of very heavy catches the nets may be hauled and stored with the fish still gilled. The fish would then be shaken out on return to the port.

   • 1994, G.D. Pickett, M.G. Pawson, Sea Bass: Biology →ISBN, page 177:

     The intention is to gill the fish, so they are usually scared into the net by rowing one boat into the middle of the net circle and banging the oars on the boat bottom or splashing the water.

3. (intransitive) To be or become entangled in a gillnet.
   • 1926, Walter Koelz, Fishing industry of the Great Lakes, page 556:

     Since the fine threads of the net usually are caught under the gill covers of the fish they are said to be "gilled."

   • 2010, Edward A. Perrine, Midnight Tracy, →ISBN, page 147:

     Also, when fish gilled there wasn't as much extra twine to tangle in, so they were easier to release from the net.

語源 2

From Middle English gille, from Old French gille (“a wine measure”), from Medieval Latin gillo (“earthenware jar”), possibly from Gaulish gallā (“vessel”).

発音

• IPA^(key): /dʒɪl/
• Rhymes: -ɪl
• Homophone: Jill

名詞

gill (複数形 gills)

2. a drink measure for spirits and wine (size varies regionally but it is about one quarter of a pint)
3. (archaic, Britain) a measuring jug holding a quarter or half a pint

派生語

• gillhouse
• gillie

語源 3

From Middle English gille, from Old Norse gil

発音

• IPA^(key): /ɡɪl/
• Rhymes: -ɪl

名詞

gill (複数形 gills)

1. (Britain) rivulet
2. (Britain) ravine

派生語

• Lowgill, Low Gill

語源 4

Etymology uncertain.

名詞

gill (複数形 gills)

1. a two-wheeled frame for transporting timber

語源 5

Clipping of gillian, from the female name Gillian.

別の表記

• jill

発音

• IPA^(key): /dʒɪl/

名詞

gill (複数形 gills)

1. a female ferret
2. (obsolete) a promiscuous woman; harlot, wanton
3. (obsolete) a prostitute
   • 1646, Mill, Humphrey, “Section XXI”, in The Nights Search, Part 2‎^[1], page 129:

     Gill comes from the Knight, that did so seek / To gaine her love; she's hir'd for a week.

同意語

• (promiscuous woman): see Thesaurus:promiscuous woman
• (prostitute): see Thesaurus:prostitute

動詞

gill (三人称単数 現在形 gills, 現在分詞 gilling, 過去形および過去分詞形 gilled)

1. (obsolete) To act as a prostitute.
   • 1719, Henry Playford, “Lewis Upon the Fret”, in Wit and Mirth: Or, Pills to Purge Melancholy, page 72:

     Comme proprement le fine of my Designs dey make; / Dam gilling Whore / Et Louis d'or

同意語

• see Thesaurus:prostitute oneself