precarityとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From precar(ious) +‎ -ity (suffix forming nouns from adjectives denoting the properties, qualities, or states of the adjectives), probably modelled after French précarité (“precariousness; existence without financial or social security”). Compare New Latin precārietās.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /pɹɪˈkɛəɹɪti/
• (General American) IPA: /pɹəˈkɛɹɪti/, [-ɾi]
• 韻: -ɛəɹɪti
• ハイフネーション: pre‧car‧i‧ty

名詞

precarity (countable and uncountable, plural precarities)

1. (uncountable) Synonym of precariousness (“the state of being uncertain or unstable”); (countable) an instance of this.
   • 1910 March, Marian Cox, chapter XIII, in The Crowds and the Veiled Woman, New York, N.Y.; London: Funk & Wagnalls Company, →OCLC, page 263:

     And he recognized then that the crux of his wretchedness had been the fear lest he might not acquit himself of his long indebtedness to Monsieur through yielding him satisfaction in some perfected fruit of his art; of which, in proportion as Monsieur was certain, Gaspard was rendered more miserable through the delay that augmented its precarity.

   • 1993, Petr Charvát, Ancient Mesopotamia: Humankind’s Long Journey into Civilization (Dissertationes Orientales; 47), Prague, Czech Republic: Oriental Institute, →ISBN, page 154:

     [I]t would have been simpler to maintain the high level of yields by periodical relocations of village field systems and by bringing fresh ground under the plough than to cultivate permanent agricultural bases, labour-intensive, difficult to maintain and risky because of the various precarities of nature (salinization, flooding …).

   • 2021, Anthony Doerr, Cloud Cuckoo Land, London: 4th Estate, HarperCollinsPublishers, →ISBN, page 622:

     She looks at him, his round cheeks, his eyelashes, his damp hair. Does the boy sense, already, the precarity of all this?

2. (sociology, specifically, uncountable) The condition of existence without predictability or security, thus affecting material or psychological welfare; (countable) an instance of this.

   Synonym: insecurity

   • 1963, Dorothy Day, “A Baby is Always Born with a Loaf of Bread under Its Arm”, in Loaves and Fishes, New York, N.Y.; Evanston, Ill.: Harper & Row, →OCLC, part II (Poverty and Precarity), pages 82–83:

     "Precarity," or precariousness, is an essential element in true voluntary poverty, a saintly French Canadian priest from Martinique has written us. […] Precarity enables us better to help the poor. When a community is always building and enlarging and embellishing, which is good in itself, there is nothing left over for the poor. We have no right to do so as long as there are slums and breadlines anywhere.

   • 1985, Anthony J. Blasi, “Third World Workers and the Religious Anti-structure of Latin American Development”, in A Phenomenological Transformation of the Social Scientific Study of Religion (American University Studies, Series VII, Theology and Religion; 10), New York, N.Y.; Bern, Switzerland: Peter Lang, →ISBN, part 3 (Religion, Social Processes and Social Problems), page 120:

     The individual precarity of persons thus provides a psychology for, a sense of plausibility for, a doctrine of collective precarity, thereby justifying a pseudo-unity under the nation state.

   • 2014, Roland Paulsen, “How to Succeed at Work without Really Trying”, in Empty Labor: Idleness and Workplace Resistance, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 82:

     So far, we have learned that jobs can be obscure, but also that tasks or "jobs within jobs" can be obscure or made obscure. A phenomenon that catches a general tendency towards obscurity is what [Guy] Standing calls "uptitling" – to give a job a high-sounding epithet to conceal its precarity and, I would say, its substance.

   • 2017 July, Claire Alexander, “Beyond the ‘the “Diaspora” Diaspora’: A Response to Rogers Brubaker”, in Martin Bulmer, John Solomos, editors, Ethnic and Racial Studies, volume 40, number 9, Abingdon, Oxforfdshire: Routledge, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1553:

     The field of diaspora studies is similarly in process, reflecting and shaping new forms of migration and settlement, emergent forms of belonging and the precarities of ongoing global inequalities, dislocation and violence.

派生語

• bioprecarity

関連する語

• precariat
• precarization
• precarized

• see: precarious

参照

Further reading

• precarity on Wikipedia.Wikipedia