英和和英

固有名詞

PTB

1. (linguistics) Proto-Tibeto-Burman
   • 1974, R. K. Sprigg, “JAMES A. MATISOFF: The Loloish tonal split revisited. (Research Monograph No. 7.) viii, 88 pp. Berkeley : Center for South and Southeast Asia Studies, University of California, 1972.”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, volume 37, number 1, →DOI, page 261:

     [E]ven reconstructed syllable-initial units, such as his Proto-Tibeto-Burman (PTB) and PLB [Proto-Lolo-Burmese] prefixed spirantal initial *C-s and his PTB and PLB voiceless spirantal initial *s [...] draw on syllable features and syllable-final features for their reflexes

   • 1991, James A. Matisoff, “Areal and universal dimensions of grammatization in Lahu”, in Elizabeth Closs Traugott, Bernd Heine, editors, Approaches to Grammaticalization, volume 2, →DOI, →ISBN, page 396:

     The Lahu verb tā ‛place on; put on; set on; stand sthg. upright’ has impeccable Tibeto-Burman credentials⁹, reflecting PLB *ˀta² (cf. WB thâ) and ultimately PTB *s-ta (cf. WT sta ᛝ stad)

   • 2009, Gwendolyn Hyslop, “Kurtöp and the classification of the languages of Bhutan”, in Papers from the Annual Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society‎, volume 44, number 1, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 146:

     PTB had six vowels: /i, e, ɑ, o, u, ə/ while only five /i, e, ɑ, o, u/ were present in Classical Tibetan.

名詞

PTB (plural PTBs)

1. (plural only) Initialism of powers that be.
2. (medicine) Initialism of preterm birth.
   • 1996 January, WW Andrews, JC Hauth, RL Goldenberg, M Dubard, G Chandra, RL Copper, “Single and Multiple Markers of Altered Vaginal Flora: Effect of Treatment on Preterm Birth (PTB)”, in American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, volume 174, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 317-320:

     OBJECTIVE: To determine the value of single versus multiple markers of altered vaginal flora to predict subsequent PTB (<37 weeks' gestation, [wks GA]) and the efficacy of treatment with metronidazole plus erythromycin (M+E) to reduce PTB in these patients.

   • 2010 December 24, D. Elizabeth Jesse, Melvin S. Swanson, Edward R. Newton, John Morrow, “Racial Disparities in Biopsychosocial Factors and Spontaneous Preterm Birth Among Rural Low-Income Women”, in Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health, volume 54, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 35-42:

     Understanding the risks associated with spontaneous PTBs that are unique to African American women and why biopsychosocial risk factors vary by racial/ethnic group may lead to tailored interventions.

   • 2023 December 21, Lyndsay Creswell, Daniel Lorber Rolnik, Stephen W Lindow, Neil O'Gorman, “Preterm Birth: Screening and Prediction”, in International Journal of Women's Health, volume 15, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 1981-1997:

     Early identification of women at high risk of PTB is important, given the availability of evidence-based, effective screening modalities, which facilitate decision-making on preventative strategies, particularly transvaginal sonographic cervical length (CL) measurement.

3. (pathology) Initialism of pulmonary tuberculosis.
   • 1968 January 1 [1964 July 30], [Felix] Bautista Angelo, quoting Workmen's Compensation Commission, “Peter Paul (Philippines) Corporation vs. Workmen's Compensation Commission, et al.”, in Official Gazette, volume 64, number 1, page 22:

     Under the circumstances above narrated, we find that claimant's illness of PTB, which flared up or has activated as a result of the nature and condition of his work, is compensable under the law.

   • 2001, Tsigeweini Asgedom Tessema, Improving Case-finding inTuberculosis Control by Antigen Detection, Clinical Scoring and Serology, University of Bergen, →ISBN, page 18:

     Furthermore, a recent study [...] of BCG [Bacille Calmette Guérin vaccine] efficacy in children under 7 years of age who had lived in close contact with undiagnosed cases of PTB showed a protection rate of 70% against the disease within a 6 months follow-up period.

   • 2024 June, Guocan Yu, Xudong Xu, Yanqin Shen, Bifei Fang, “Diagnostic accuracy of nanopore sequencing for the rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis”, in PLOS ONE, volume 19, number 6, →DOI, →ISSN, page 5:

     We will perform subgroup analysis and meta-regression analysis based on [...] different types of PTBs[.]

4. (biochemistry) Initialism of polypyrimidine tract-binding protein.
   • 1997 November 1, Juan Valcárcel, Fátima Gebauer, “Post-transcriptional regulation: The dawn of PTB”, in Current Biology, volume 7, number 11, →DOI, →ISSN:

     PTB was first purified as a polypeptide that binds to the polypyrimidine tract that typically precedes the 3′ splice sites of higher eukaryotic mRNA introns [1].

   • 2008 July 22, Kirsty Sawicka, Martin Bushell, Keith A. Spriggs, Anne E. Willis, “Polypyrimidine-tract-binding protein: a multifunctional RNA-binding protein”, in Biochemical Society Transactions, volume 36, number 4, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 641-647:

     Specificity of PTB function is achieved by a combination of changes in the cellular localization of this protein (its ability to shuttle from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is tightly controlled) and its interaction with additional proteins.

   • 2023 April 27, Yiying Zhou, Ke Zhang, Fangmin Wang, Jiali Chen, Shanshan Chen, Manqing Wu, Miaojun Lai, Yisheng Zhang, Wenhua Zhou, “Polypyrimidine tract binding protein knockdown reverses depression-like behaviors and cognition impairment in mice with lesioned cholinergic neurons”, in Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, volume 15, →DOI, →ISSN:

     These findings suggest that supplementing cholinergic neurons after PTB knockdown may be a promising therapeutic strategy to revert depression-like behaviors and cognitive impairment.

5. (software) Initialism of public test build, public test branch.
   • 2019 August 30, Glenn Carreau, “Dead by Daylight Finally Getting Dedicated Servers”, in GameRant‎, archived from the original on 8 November 2020:

     The developer clarified that players will be able to enjoy all of these changes and new Stranger Things content until the end of the PTB[.]

   • 2022 August 17, Bill Toulas, “Malicious PyPi packages turn Discord into password-stealing malware”, in Bleeping Computer‎, archived from the original on 16 December 2023:

     The clients targeted for this injection are Discord, Discord Development, Discord Canary, and Discord PTB (Public Test Build).

   • 2023 August 8, Lukus Herblet, “How to play Dead By Daylight's Alien Chapter PTB”, in SportSkeeda‎, archived from the original on 8 August 2023:

     Those who wish to participate need good internet as these PTBs require them to practically reinstall the whole game.

   • 2024 April 4, Marc Deschamps, “Dead by Daylight Update Lets Players Test New Features and Updated Killers”, in Comicbook‎, archived from the original on 16 July 2024:

     A new PTB update has arrived for Dead by Daylight, and it offers a whole bunch of new things for players to check out.

   • 2024 April 24, Hayley Andrews, “Valheim Ashlands release date: When is Valheim’s next biome update?”, in Dot Esports‎, archived from the original on 23 May 2024:

     It is worth keeping in mind, while you can test the Ashlands biome on the PTB, it’s still in development meaning you may experience more glitches and bugs while playing on the PTB.

6. (networking) Initialism of packet too big, an IPv6 error message.
   • 2010 April 13, Matthew Luckie, “Re:reassembled packets and pfil”, in mailing.freebsd.net‎ (Usenet), archived from the original on 21 August 2024:

     I'm 90% sure that FreeBSD itself will do this when it receives a PTB with an MTU value of (say) 1000.

   • 2014 January, Mathias Morbitzer, “TCP Idle Scans in IPv6”, in hitb magazine‎, volume 4, number 10, archived from the original on 30 July 2024, page 8:

     Therefore, receiving a PTB message with a MTU smaller thatn the IPv6 minimum MTU of 1280 bytes causes a host to append a fragmentation header to all its IPv6 packages to a certain host.

   • 2019 February 5, Ramesh R. Subbaraman, “Rate limitable and efficient discovery of path maximum transmission units”, in International Journal of Communication Systems, volume 32, number 6, →DOI, →ISSN, page 3:

     [F]irewalls that completely block incoming PTBs break the PMTUD protocol.

アナグラム

• PBT, TPB, TBP, BTP, bpt., bpt