Etruscusとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From or related to Etruria (compare Tuscus). Probably related to Umbrian Turskum, and Ancient Greek Τυρρηνός (Turrhēnós), Τυρσηνός (Tursēnós), from τύρρις (túrrhis, “tower”), τύρσις (túrsis), itself of pre-Indo-European origin, in which case Τυρσηνός (Tursēnós) might be a native Etruscan word simply meaning "tower people" (as opposed to the Rasennae, see below). See Τυρσηνία.

Helmut Rix, based on the distinction made by Dionysius of Halicarnassus, assumed that Latin tusci, Umbrian Turskum (nomen), Ancient Greek Τυρσηνοί (Tursēnoí), derived from the original Etruscan name, while Rasna (from Etruscan 𐌓𐌀𐌔𐌍𐌀 (rasna), and whence Rasennae), like populus, originally designated the part of the population of Etruria which had political responsibility.

A theory by Vladimir Georgiev suggested that the word had the same root as Τρῶες (Trôes, “Trojans”) and Troy. Philip Baldi criticized this specific proposal as not standing "up to linguistic scrutiny," citing problems like the "spurious metathesis of r and the following vowel in Gk. Τυρσηνοί". On the other hand, Beekes, in support of an Anatolian origin of the Etruscan language, suggests the metathesis may have been motivated by the unexplained prefixed e- in the form *e-trus-cus.

More broadly and much more recently, the modern theory of some scholars connecting the Etruscans to the region of Troy is supported by Alwin Kloekhorst, due to its relationship with Lemnian and the apparent position of the Lydian Urheimat.

In the past, other scholars have proposed that the term might be Celtic.

Adrian Room compares other language isolate ethnonyms, such as Basque, hinted by the -sc- element found in Etruscus, Vascones, and older Latin forms ligusc* of Ancient Greek Λίγυς (Lígus); see Liguria.