alternative theoryとは 意味・読み方・使い方

Whereas Kanmotsu (tribute goods paid as taxes or tithes) and Nengu (land tax) are considered as the transformation of the tax, So (rice tax) of the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), Zoyaku indicated Zokuji (all miscellaneous dues in the form of non-rice products and labor), Buyaku (labor service), Rinji Zoyaku (extraordinary irregular levies) that are considered as a continuance of a per-capita tax, Zoyo (irregular corvee) (regarding what the taxes of Yo [labor or alternative goods] and Cho [textile goods or alternative money] transformed into, there are two theories: one theory asserts Kanmotsu and another Zoyaku).発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

律令制の租税である租が変質したと考えられる官物・年貢に対して、雑徭など人身別賦課を引く雑公事・夫役・臨時雑役などを指して称した（庸・調の後身に関しては官物説と雑役説の両方がある）。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

There are theories about the indefinite nature of the notation: a theory that '壹' is a writing error of '臺,' an alternative theory that they were written distinctly to avoid confusion, which can be guessed from '壹與遣,倭大夫率善中郎將掖邪狗等二十人送,政等還。因詣臺,' and another theory that the letter '臺,' which indicated the place in which the emperors of Wei lived, was not supposed to be used for the country name of the eastern barbarians.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

表記のぶれをめぐっては、「壹」を「臺」の誤記とする説のほか、「壹與遣,倭大夫率善中郎將掖邪狗等二十人送,政等還。因詣臺,」から混同を避けるために書き分けたとする説、魏の皇帝の居所を指す「臺」の文字を東の蛮人の国名には用いなかったとする説などがある。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

in alternative medicine, a theory that people fall into one of three groups (protein, carbohydrate, or mixed type) based on the main type of food that their bodies need to stay healthy.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

代替医療分野で、身体の健康維持に必要な主な食物の種類に基づき、人を3群（蛋白タイプ、炭水化物タイプ、または混合タイプ）のうちの1群に分類する理論。 - PDQ®がん用語辞書 英語版

As an alternative, however, KURODA proposed the "kenmitsu taisei" theory built on the term 'kenmitsu' (then, it referred to Buddhism as a whole) found in historical documents.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

それに対し黒田は、文献に現れる顕密（当時は一切の仏教を表現する用語）という言葉を用語化して顕密体制論という学説を提唱した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

One theory says that uniforms became lax in and after the mid Heian period and there were examples of 'ikan no sokutai' and 'noshi no sokutai' where ikan or noshi was used as an alternative of sokutai, and the particle 'no' was omitted from the former phrase, which was misused and then became established.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

一説には平安中期以降、服制が曖昧になり、衣冠や直衣を束帯の代用とした「衣冠の束帯」「直衣の束帯」という例があり、前者の語から接助詞の「の」が省かれて誤用され、定着してしまった結果であるとされる。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Moreover, in "Shuri Shu-kyo Mokuroku" (mostly included in "Shutsu Sanzo Kishu, the Chu sanzang ji ji" edited by Soyu, a priest of Liang (Nanchao)) edited by Doan SHAKU in eastern Jin, the oldest catalog of Buddhist sutra, there are titles of "Maka Hannya Haramitsu Shinju Vol. 1" and "Hannya Haramitsu Shinju Vol. 1, alternative version"; thus there is a theory that a magic ritual had been established before Hannya Shingyo was established as a sutra.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

なお、最古の経典目録（経録）である東晋の釈道安撰『綜理衆経目録』(梁(南朝)の僧祐撰『出三蔵記集』にほぼ収録)には、『摩訶般若波羅蜜神咒一巻』及び『般若波羅蜜神咒一巻　異本』とあり、経としての般若心経成立以前から、呪文による儀礼が先に成立していたという説もある。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

However, it is thought the precise number of temples had little meaning during this period as there is an alternative theory claiming that Moto Gango-ji Temple was replaced by Hokke-ji Temple, and there were temples such as Bonshaku-ji Temple and Kenko-ji Temple (Toyura-dera, present-day Kogen-ji Temple) which were not included among the 'fifteen dai-ji temples' but treated as if they were dai-ji temples and temples with an ordination platform such as Kanzeon-ji Temple and Yakushi-ji Temple (Shimotsuke City) which were also clearly treated as dai-ji temples.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加

ただし、本元興寺を外して法華寺を入れる異説がある他、梵釈寺や建興寺（豊浦寺、現・向原寺）のように「十五大寺」に含まれないが待遇面では大寺の待遇を受けていた寺院や戒壇が置かれた観世音寺・薬師寺(下野市)なども当然に大寺の待遇を受けており、この時期になると名数自体には深い意味は無かったと考えられている。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス