englandとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From 中期英語 Engelond, England, from 古期英語 Engla land (literally “land of the Angles”), from genitive of Engle (“the Angles”) + land (“land”).

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /ˈɪŋɡlənd/, (non-standard) /ˈɪŋɡələnd/
• (米国発音) IPA: /ˈɪŋɡlənd/, (also) /ˈɪŋlənd/
• (Indic) IPA: /ɪŋ(ɡ)ˈlaɳɖ/, /ˈɪŋ(ɡ)ləɳɖ/
• ハイフネーション: Eng‧land

固有名詞

England (usually uncountable, plural Englands)

1. The largest and most populous constituent country of the United Kingdom; established in southern Britain by Aethelstan of Wessex in 927 .

   We thoroughly enjoyed our vacation in Britain. We visited England, Wales, and Scotland.

   Just close your eyes and think of England.

   • 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:

     Gaunt ...This royall throne of Kings, this sceptred Ile,
     This earth of maiesty, this seate of Mars,
     This other Eden, demy Paradice,
     This fortresse built by Nature for her selfe,
     Against infection and the hand of warre,
     This happy breede of men, this little world,
     This precious stone set in the siluer sea,
     Which serues it in the office of a wall,
     Or as moate defensiue to a house,
     Against the enuie of lesse happier lands.
     This blessed plot, this earth, this realme, this England...
     Is now leasde out...
     That England that was wont to conquer others,
     Hath made a shamefull conquest
     of it selfe...

   • 1804, William Blake, Milton, Vol. I, Preface:

     And did those feet in ancient time
     Walk upon England’s mountains green?
     And was the holy Lamb of God
     On England’s pleasant pastures seen?...
     I will not cease from Mental Fight,
     Nor shall my Sword sleep in my hand,
     Till we have built Jerusalem
     In England’s green & pleasant Land.

   • 1864, Victor Hugo, chapter 6, in Amédée Baillot, transl., William Shakespeare:

     What is England? She is Elizabeth... To live alone, to go alone, to reign alone, to be alone,—such is Elizabeth, such is England...
     England has two books: one which she has made, the other which has made her,—Shakespeare and the Bible. These two books do not agree together... Shakespeare thinks, Shakespeare dreams, Shakespeare doubts... Moreover, Shakespeare invents.

   • 1941, George Orwell, The Lion and the Unicorn, Pt. I:

     England is not the jewelled isle of Shakespeare's much-quoted passage, nor is it the inferno depicted by Dr Goebbels. More than either it resembles a family, a rather stuffy Victorian family, with not many black sheep but with all its cupboards bursting with skeletons. It has rich relations who have to be kow-towed to and poor relations who are horribly sat upon, and there is a deep conspiracy of silence about the source of the family income.

   • 1983, William S. Burroughs, The Place of Dead Roads, page 203:

     England is like some stricken beast too stupid to know it is dead. Ingloriously foundering in its own waste products, the backlash and bad karma of empire.

   • 2012, Maureen Johnson, The Madness Underneath:

     "This is England," he explained. "Tell someone it's a procedure, and they'll believe you. The pointless procedure is one of our great natural resources."

   • 2013 March 25, David Sedaris, "Long Way Home" in The New Yorker:

     Had they responded this way in France or America, this wouldn't have surprised me, but wasn't everyone in England supposed to be a detective? Wasn't every crime, no matter how complex, solved in a timely fashion by either a professional or a hobbyist? That's the impression you get from British books and TV shows.

   • 2023 March 21, Jessie Gretener, “Progestagen-only contraceptives carry similar, small breast cancer risk as other hormone contraceptives, study finds”, in CNN‎:

     The authors also said they attempted to investigate whether there are differing breast cancer risks between hormonal and nonhormonal IUDs. However, they said too few women in England had been prescribed nonhormonal IUDs to make a reliable comparison.

2. (historical) The territory of the Angles and (later) Anglo-Saxons in Britain at any given time before the founding of the Kingdom of England, or the territory of the English people at any given time, in either the Kingdom of England or the United Kingdom.
3. (chiefly law, historical or archaic) Synonym of England and Wales.
4. (dated, sometimes proscribed) Synonym of Great Britain or United Kingdom.

   England expects that every man will do his duty.

   • 1882, T. E. Kebbel, Selected Speeches of the Late Right Hon. the Earl of Beaconsfield‎, volume 2, page 495:

     There is a very near analogy between the position of the President of the United States and that of the Prime Minister of England, and both are paid at much the same rate — the income of a second-class professional man.

   • 1941, George Orwell, The Lion and the Unicorn:

     Another twenty years along the present line of development, and India will be a peasant republic linked with England only by voluntary alliance.

   • 1948, Winston S. Churchill, The Gathering Storm‎, page 303:

     The partition of Czechoslovakia under pressure from England and France amounts to the complete surrender of the Western Democracies to the Nazi threat of force.

5. A habitational surname from Old English.
6. (US) A city in Lonoke County, Arkansas, United States.

使用する際の注意点

As England has always been the most populous part of the United Kingdom, its name has often been used metonymously for the country as a whole, both in English and in other languages. This usage is now often considered uninformed or insulting, particularly to those from other parts of the UK. The 1746 Wales & Berwick Act formalized the previous informal understanding that laws referencing the Kingdom of England alone also applied to the Principality of Wales; this continued to be the case until the 1967 Welsh Language Act required that any similarly general laws afterwards must specify England and Wales separately.

同意語

• See Thesaurus:England

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

参考

• England, Arkansas on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• England (surname) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

アナグラム

• endlang

参照