lichenとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Borrowed from Latin līchēn (“ringworm”), from Ancient Greek λειχήν (leikhḗn).

発音

• enPR: lī'kən, IPA^(key): /ˈlaɪ.kən/^[1][2][3]
• (also, especially in the 英国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈlɪ.tʃən/^[1][2][3]
• 韻: -aɪkən, -ɪtʃən
• 異形同音異義語: liken, lycan

名詞

lichen (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 lichens または lichen)

1. Any of many symbiotic organisms, being associations of algae and fungi, often found as white or yellow-to-blue–green patches on rocks, old walls, etc.
   • 1894 May, Rudyard Kipling, “Lukannon”, in The Jungle Book, London; New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., published June 1894, →OCLC, page 122:

     The Beaches of Lukannon–the winter wheat so tall, / The dripping, crinkled lichens, and the sea-fog drenching all!

   • 1895 May 7, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, chapter XI, in The Time Machine: An Invention, New York, N.Y.: Henry Holt and Company, →OCLC:

     It was the same rich green that one sees on forest moss or on the lichen in caves: plants which like these grow in a perpetual twilight.

   • 1915, John Muir, Travels in Alaska, ch V

     The nibble marks of the stone adze were still visible, though crusted over with scale lichens in most places.

2. (figurative) Something which gradually spreads across something else, causing damage.

   Synonym: cancer

   • 1912 January, Zane Grey, “Shadows on the Sage-slope”, in Riders of the Purple Sage […], New York, N.Y.; London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, →OCLC, page 202:

     Meanwhile, abiding a day of judgment, she fought ceaselessly to deny the bitter drops in her cup, to tear back the slow, the intangibly slow growth of a hot, corrosive lichen eating into her heart.

下位語

• (symbiotic organism): macrolichen, microlichen

派生語

参考

• lichen on Wikipedia.
• algae
• fungus
• Iceland moss
• moss
• reindeer moss

参照

Latin

語源

Borrowed from Ancient Greek λειχήν (leikhḗn).

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈliː.kʰeːn/, [ˈlʲiːkʰeːn]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈli.ken/, [ˈliːken]

名詞

līchēn m (genitive līchēnos または līchēnis); third declension

1. (literally) a cryptogamic species of vegetation growing on trees, lichen
2. (transferred sense, medicine) an eruption on the skin of men and beasts, a tetter, ringworm
   1. (かつ especially) a callous excrescence upon the leg of a horse, used as a medicine

語形変化

Third-declension noun (Greek-type, normal variant または non-Greek-type).

派生語

• līchēnifōrmis

関連する語

• līchēna
• līchēnicos

派生した語

• English: lichen
• French: lichen
• Portuguese: líquen
• Spanish: liquen

参照

• “līchēn”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• līchēn in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 909/3
• “līchēn” on page 1,029/1 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)