quoadとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA: /ˈkwoʊ.æd/

前置詞

quoad

1. (archaic) With respect to.
   • 1884, Horace Smith, A treatise on the law of negligence:

     It seems to have been rather on this ground that quoad Hughes, who was a volunteer, the defendant had not been guilty of any negligence at all […]

関連する語

• quoad hoc
• quoad hunc
• quoad omnia
• quoad sacra

アナグラム

• aquod

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈkʷo.ad]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈkʷɔː.ad]

副詞

quoad (not comparable)

1. until, till; before (a time)

   Near-synonym: dum

   • c. 110 BCE – c. 25 BCE, Cornelius Nepos, De viris illustribus XV. Epaminondas 9.3:

     At Epaminondas, cum animadverteret mortiferum se vulnus accepisse simulque, si ferrum, quod ex hastili in corpore remanserat, extraxisset, animam statim emissurum, usque eo retinuit, quoad renuntiatum est vicisse Boeotios.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • c. 110 BCE – c. 25 BCE, Cornelius Nepos, De viris illustribus XV. Epaminondas 2.5:

     Itaque exercebatur plurimum currendo et luctando ad eum finem, quoad stans complecti posset atque contendere.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de bello Gallico 4.11:

     Interim ad praefectos, qui cum omni equitatu antecesserant, mittit qui nuntiarent ne hostes proelio lacesserent, et si ipsi lacesserentur, sustinerent quoad ipse cum exercitu propius accessisset.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 45 BCE, Cicero, Epistulae ad familiares 4.3.3:

     Hactenus existimo nostram consolationem recte adhibitam esse, quoad certior ab homine amicissimo fieres iis de rebus, quibus levari possent molestiae tuae.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 121 CE, Suetonius, De vita Caesarum Vita divi Iuli 14:

     Ac ne sic quidem impedire rem destitit, quoad manus equitum Romanorum, quae armata praesidii causa circumstabat, inmoderatius perseueranti necem comminata est, […]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • c. 2nd century, Iustinus, Epitoma Historiarum Philippicarum Pompeii Trogi 12.9.11:

     proeliumque tam diu anceps fuit, quoad omnis exercitus muris deiectis in auxilium veniret.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (Ciceronianism in Classical Latin) as long as, while

   Synonym: dum

   • 70 BCE, Cicero, In Verrem 2.1.60:

     Habeo et ipsius et patris eius accepti tabulas omnis, quas diligentissime legi atque digessi, patris, quoad vixit, tuas, quoad ais te confecisse.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 50 BCE, Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum 7.2.6:

     nunc illum, qui pedem porta, quoad hostis cis Euphratem fuit, non extulerit, honore augeri, […]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 44 BCE, Cicero, De officiis 1.2:

     tam diu autem velle debebis, quoad te quantum proficias non paenitebit.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

3. as far as, to the extent that, as much as, insofar as, up to which (see usage notes); (in indirect questions) how far, to what extent

   Synonym: quousque (post-classical)

   Near-synonym: quantum

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita 5.50.1:

     fana omnia, quoad ea hostis possedisset, restituerentur terminarentur expiarenturque

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

4. (rare, interrogative, of a deadline) till when, up to which time, for how long

   Synonym: quousque

   • 161 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Phormio 1.2.96–97:

     Quid? senem
     Quoad exspectatis vestrum?

     What? When do you expect your old man?

使用する際の注意点

In sense 3, whereas quantum is of extent of power, ability or number (“as much as”, “how much”), quoad is more about extent of time or relative possibility (“as long/far as”, “how long/far”); compare:

• c. 45 BCE, Cicero, Tusculanae disputationes 4.82:

  cognitis, quoad possunt ab homine cognosci, bonorum et malorum finibus

  the ends of good and evil being known, [I mean] as far as they can be known by man (i.e., as deeply remote from our understanding as they are, down to what depth may they be known)

• 54 BCE, Cicero, Pro Plancio 4.9:

  Vide tandem, Laterensis, quantum ego a te dissentiam.

  Do observe, Laterensis, how much I disagree with you (i.e., with what strength)

In sense 1 and 3 (and here contrary to quantum), quoad could sometimes take an antecedent:

• c. 209 BCE, Plautus, Asinaria 286:

  est modus tamen, quoad pati uxorem oportet

  there is a limit up to which one can bear his wife

前置詞

quoad (+ accusative) (Medieval Latin)

1. with respect to

参照

• “quoad”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “quoad”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "quoad", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “quoad”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • as long as I live: dum vita suppetit; dum (quoad) vivo
    
• Bruno Meinecke, Ph.D. (1960) Third Year Latin. (Allyn and Bacon, Inc.)