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語源

From New Latin anachronismus, from Ancient Greek ἀναχρονισμός (anakhronismós), from ἀναχρονίζομαι (anakhronízomai, “referring to the wrong time”), from ἀνά (aná, “up against”) + χρονίζω (khronízō, “spending time”), from χρόνος (khrónos, “time”). Analyzable as ana- +‎ chrono- +‎ -ism.

発音

• (General American, Received Pronunciation) enPR: ənăkʹrənĭzm, ənăkʹrənĭzəm; IPA: /əˈnæ.kɹə.nɪ.z(ə)m/

名詞

anachronism (countable and uncountable, plural anachronisms)

1. A chronological mistake; the erroneous dating of an event, circumstance, or object. [from 17th c.]
   • 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 30, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:

     Indeed, that Hall of the Upper Temple is a sight not uninteresting, and with the exception of some trifling improvements and anachronisms which have been introduced into the practice there, a man may sit down and fancy that he joins in a meal of the seventeenth century.

   • 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 53, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:

     [W]e beg the reader to understand that we only commit anachronisms when we choose and when by a daring violation of those natural laws some great ethical truth is to be advanced […]

2. (countable) A person or thing which seems to belong to a different time or period of time. [from 19th c.]

   Coordinate term: anatopism

   • 1871, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], chapter XXII, in Middlemarch […], volume I, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book II, page 400:

     You are too young—it is an anachronism for you to have such thoughts

   • 1956, Arthur C. Clarke, The City and the Stars, page 32:

     His movements, his clothes, everything about him, seemed slightly out of place in this assembly. He spoiled the pattern; like Alvin, he was an anachronism.

   • 1971, Ken Welsh, Hitch-hiker's Guide to Europe, revised and updated edition, London: Pan, published 1975, page 142:

     There exist in Europe a number of independent or semi-independent countries which are complete anachronisms, they are mini-countries which have little business existing in this hurly-burly century, but somehow they survive.

   • 2017 March 28, Alan Johnson, “Why Brexit Is Best for Britain: The Left-Wing Case”, in The New York Times‎, archived from the original on 9 November 2020:

     It has been a colossal error by Davos Man left-wingers to think of nation-states as embarrassing anachronisms hostile to democracy.

   • 2023 March 3, Ross Douthat, “What a Visit to Disney World Reveals About America”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN, archived from the original on 30 March 2023:

     The old portions are perfectly preserved […] and yet right there, in their literal backyard, rise the newer portions, the Star Wars district and the Avatar experience, offering the best of current theme park technologies to match the lovingly maintained anachronisms.

3. The aberrant projection of the present onto the past.

派生語

関連する語

参考

• anachronym, retronym

参照

• James A. H. Murray et al., editors (1884–1928), “Anachronism”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), volume I (A–B), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 300, column 2.

Further reading

• anachronism on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

アナグラム

• Monarchians