英和和英

語源

pull +‎ back

名詞

pullback (複数形 pullbacks)

1. The act or result of pulling back; a withdrawal.
2. (film) The act of drawing a camera back to broaden the visible scene.
3. (dated or archaic) Something that holds back; a drawback; a hindrance.
   • 1710 November 1 (Gregorian calendar), Jonathan Swift, “[Dr. Swift’s Journal to Stella.] (please specify |letter=I–LXV).”, in Thomas Sheridan and John Nichols, editors, The Works of the Rev. Jonathan Swift, […], new edition, volumes (please specify |volume=I to XIX), London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], published 1801, →OCLC:

     Your disorders are a pull-back for your good qualities.

4. (finance) A reduction in the price of a financial instrument after reaching a peak
5. (sports) An attacking pass from the wing into a position further from the attacking goal line.
   • 2010 December 29, Sam Sheringham, “Liverpool 0 - 1 Wolverhampton”, in BBC‎^[1]:

     The Reds carved the first opening of the second period as Glen Johnson's pull-back found David Ngog but the Frenchman hooked wide from six yards.

6. (historical) A device for making a woman's gown hang close and straight in front.
7. (differential geometry) The map between cotangent bundles of manifolds corresponding to a smooth map between smooth manifolds, which at each point is the dual map to the corresponding pushforward.
8. (category theory) The limit of a cospan: a Cartesian square or “pullback square”.

   Synonyms: fiber product, fibre product, Cartesian square, pullback square

   Hyponyms: equalizer, equaliser

9. (category theory) Within a Cartesian square (which has a pair of divergent morphisms かつ a pair of convergent morphisms) the divergent morphism which is directly opposite to a given one of the convergent morphisms, said to be “along” the convergent morphism which is between that pair of opposite morphisms. (The pullback is said to be “of” the given morphism.)

参考

• (differential geometry) pushforward
• (category theory) pushout

アナグラム

• puckball