英和和英

発音

• IPA: /ˈfɹænt͡ʃaɪ̯z/
• (obsolete) IPA: /ˈfɹænt͡ʃɪz/

語源 1

From 中期英語 franchise, fraunchise, from Old French franchise (“freedom”), a derivative of franc (“free”). More at frank.

名詞

franchise (countable and uncountable, plural franchises)

1. The right to vote at a public election or referendum; see: suffrage.
2. A right or privilege officially granted to a person, a group of people, or a company by a government.
   • a. 1872, William H. Seward, debate

     Election by universal suffrage, as modified by the Constitution, is the one crowning franchise of the American people.

3. An acknowledgment of a corporation's existence and ownership.
4. The authorization granted by a company to sell or distribute its goods or services in a certain area.

   McDonald’s has exported its franchise.

5. A business operating under such authorization, a franchisee.
   • 2015 February 17, “Former Taco Bell Employee Alleges Managers Used Racial Slurs In Suit Against Owner Of Local Franchise”, in CBS‎:
6. A legal exemption from jurisdiction.
7. The membership of a corporation or state; citizenship.
8. The district or jurisdiction to which a particular privilege extends; the limits of an immunity; hence, an asylum or sanctuary.
   • 1810, “Franchise”, in James Millar, editor, Encyclopaedia Britannica:

     Churches and monasteries in Spain are franchises for criminals.

9. (sports) The collection of organizations in the history of a sports team; the tradition of a sports team as an entity, extending beyond the contemporary organization.

   The Whalers' home city of Hartford was one of many for the franchise.

   He devoted almost his full cricket career to playing county cricket for seven franchises until he earned a maiden callup at 35.

10. (business, marketing) The positive influence on the buying behavior of customers exerted by the reputation of a company or a brand.
    • 2000, John Philip Jones, Behind powerful brands: from strategy to campaign, page 80:

      Once a brand has established a consumer franchise and a brand image, it takes a long time for these to decay, as the image is maintained more by people's personal familiarity with and usage of the brand than by external marketing stimuli.

    • 2002, Robert G. Hagstrom, The Essential Buffett: Timeless Principles for the New Economy, page 26:

      Warren Buffett teaches us that the best business to own, the one with the best long-term prospects is a franchise - one that sells a product or service that is needed or desired, has no close substitute, and yields profits that are unregulated.

    • 2007, Jack L. Treynor, Treynor on institutional investing, page 354:

      Certain other industries have no plant. Value derives entirely from brand franchise. (Consulting firms, engineering firms, and advertising agencies do not talk about the value of their franchise. Instead, they talk about "reputation".)

11. The loose collection of fictional works pertaining to a particular fictional universe, including literary, film, or television series from various sources, generally when all authorized by a copyright holder or similar authority.

    the Star Wars franchise

12. Exemption from constraint or oppression; freedom; liberty.
    • 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto IX”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

      Ye […] the love of ladies foule defame;
      To whom the world this franchise ever yeelded,
      That of their loves choise they might freedom clame.

13. (obsolete) Magnanimity; generosity; liberality; frankness; nobility.

同意語

• (business operating under franchise): franchisee, concession

派生語

語源 2

From 中期英語 franchisen, fraunchisen, from Old French franchir (stem franchiss-, “to set free”), from franc (“free”). More at frank.

動詞

franchise (third-person singular simple present franchises, present participle franchising, simple past and past participle franchised)

1. (transitive) To confer certain powers on; grant a franchise to; authorize.
   • 2020 October 21, “Network News: No special agreements for open access operators”, in Rail, page 20:

     In a Commons Written Reply to Shadow Rail Minister Tan Dhesi, regarding any assessment of the impact on open access operators by the decision to move away from franchising […] , Heaton-Harris highlighted that non-franchised operators run trains without a contractual relationship with Government.

2. (transitive, rare) To set free; invest with a franchise or privilege; enfranchise.
3. (transitive) To give to others the rights to sell or distribute (goods or services).
   • 1974 April 13, “Lavender Line: Near Complete”, in Gay Community News, page 3:

     The ad originators are planning to franchise the campaign to gay groups all across the country.

   • 2008 December, James Matney, “Raise your glasses in lactoast to independent films”, in The Vox (The Spokesman-Review), page 3, column 1:

     This winter, there is a diverse buffet of movies for you to choose from. Most people order the widely franchised cheeseburger because of its biggie-sized portion, its reliably adequate flavor, and its bright, attractive packaging. Don’t get me wrong; on opening day, I’ll be sitting in the front row savoring the cheeseburgery deliciousness of “Quantum of Solace” and “Twilight.” But after the initial cinematic hunger subsides, the diner, like myself, who craves a heartier meal, will take a second trip through the buffet line and search for a meal with a more complex flavor and memorable substance.

派生語

参照