moriorとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Proto-Italic *morjōr, from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥yétor, from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to die”).

Cognate with Ancient Greek βροτός (brotós, “mortal”), Proto-Germanic *murþaz, Proto-Celtic *marwos, Lithuanian mirti (“death”), Sanskrit मृत्यु (mṛtyú, “death”), Proto-Slavic *merti. Related to mors (“death”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈmɔ.ri.ɔr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈmɔː.ri.or]

動詞

morior (present infinitive morī or morīrī, perfect active mortuus sum); third (-iō variant) / fourth conjugation, deponent, no passive

1. to die, be slain, fall (in battle), perish

   Synonyms: pereō, occumbō, dēfungor, exspīrō, intereō, dēcēdō, cadō, occidō, excēdō, discēdō, dēficiō

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.659–660:

     “Moriēmur inultae / sed moriāmur”

     “We will die unavenged, but let us die.”
     (Dido here speaks of herself using the royal we or majestic we, which some translations honor, and others alter to first-person singular: “I shall die…”.)

   • 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horatius, Carmina 3.2.13:

     Dulce et decōrum est prō patriā morī.

     Sweet and fitting it is to die for one's fatherland.

2. to decay, wither

Conjugation

反意語

• vīvō

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

(Several descendants reflect a fourth-conjugation variant (morior, morīrī) attested in Plautus, Ennius, and Ovid.)

参照

• “morior”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “morior”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “morior”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) to die at a good old age: exacta aetate mori
    
  • (ambiguous) to starve oneself to death: inediā mori or vitam finire
    
  • (ambiguous) to die a natural death: necessaria (opp. voluntaria) morte mori
    
  • (ambiguous) to die of wounds: ex vulnere mori (Fam. 10. 33)
    
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “mŏri”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 6/3: Mobilis–Myxa, page 137