moriorとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Proto-Italic *morjōr, from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥yétor, from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to die”). The oscillation between third and fourth conjugation verbs in this term is comparable to the same variation displayed by other terms with roots ending in -r, such as orior (“to rise, be born”). Moreover, there are some verbs with roots ending in -r that belong to the third conjugation and others to the fourth conjugation, such as the third conjugation term pariō (“to beget”) and the fourth conjugation verb feriō (“to hit”). Weiss tentatively explains this variation as the result of some analogical development, noting that many of these verbs belong to the same semantic field. For instance, morior and orior are antonyms, and pariō can be construed as a causative of orior. Alternatively, Schrivjer interprets this variation is evidence of an original athematic i-present.

Cognate with Ancient Greek βροτός (brotós, “mortal”), Proto-Germanic *murþaz, Proto-Celtic *marwos, Lithuanian mirti (“death”), Sanskrit मृत्यु (mṛtyú, “death”), Proto-Slavic *merti. Related to mors (“death”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈmɔ.ri.ɔr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈmɔː.ri.or]

動詞

morior (present infinitive morī or morīrī, perfect active mortuus sum); third (-iō variant) / fourth conjugation, deponent, no passive

1. to die, be slain, fall (in battle), perish

   Synonyms: pereō, occumbō, dēfungor, exspīrō, intereō, dēcēdō, cadō, occidō, excēdō, discēdō, dēficiō

   Antonym: vīvō

   • early 2nd century BC, Plautus, Vidularia Fragmenta.7(16):

     malim moriri meos quam mendicarier

     I would prefer my [family members] to die than to beg

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.659–660:

     “Moriēmur inultae / sed moriāmur”

     “We will die unavenged, but let us die.”
     (Dido here speaks of herself using the royal we or majestic we, which some translations honor, and others alter to first-person singular: “I shall die…”.)

   • 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horatius, Carmina 3.2.13:

     Dulce et decōrum est prō patriā morī.

     Sweet and fitting it is to die for one's fatherland.

2. to decay, wither

Conjugation

使用する際の注意点

• Part of a small group of verbs, all with a short-vowel root, displaying both 3rd and 4th conjugation forms. See also potior (“to be master over”), pariō (“to beget”), and orior (“to rise, be born”).

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

(Several descendants reflect a fourth-conjugation variant (morior, morīrī) attested in Plautus, Ennius, and Ovid.)

参照

• “morior”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “morior”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “morior”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) to die at a good old age: exacta aetate mori
    
  • (ambiguous) to starve oneself to death: inediā mori or vitam finire
    
  • (ambiguous) to die a natural death: necessaria (opp. voluntaria) morte mori
    
  • (ambiguous) to die of wounds: ex vulnere mori (Fam. 10. 33)
    
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “mŏri”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 6/3: Mobilis–Myxa, page 137