solidusとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From 中期英語 solidus, from classical Latin solidus (“solid”), see below. Doublet of sol, sold, soldo, solid, sou, and xu.

In numismatic and weight senses, via medieval Latin solidus (“various coins”), from Late Latin solidus (“a gold coin of the Roman Empire”). In chemical sense, via German Solidus, coined by H.W.B. Roozeboom in his 1899 Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie, Stöchiometrie, und Verwandtschaftslehre (XXX, page 387).

In typography, from the shilling mark originally being an abbreviation (a long s ⟨ſ⟩), of Medieval Latin solidus meaning shilling.

発音

• (General American) enPR: sŏl'ĭdəs, IPA: /ˈsɑlɪdəs/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈsɒlɪdəs/

名詞

solidus (plural solidi or soliduses)

1. (historical) Various medieval and early modern coins or units of account, particularly:
   1. A Roman ~23k gold coin introduced by Diocletian in AD 301 and called by that name, but reissued at a slightly lower weight by Constantine I.
   2. Its successor Byzantine coins, from the eleventh century onward of progressively debased weight and purity.
   3. (obsolete) Synonym of sol or sou: a Carolingian unit of account equivalent to a solidus of silver.
   4. (obsolete) Synonym of soldo: the silver coins of various Italian states.
   5. (obsolete) Synonym of shilling: an English unit of account and, following the Tudor dynasty, silver coin.
2. (historical) The weight of the Roman gold coin, 1/60 of a Roman pound under Diocletian or 1/72 lb. (about 4.5 grams) after Constantine.
3. (historical) A medieval French weight, 1/20 of the Carolingian pound.
4. (typography) Synonym of slash ⟨/⟩, originally (UK) in its use as the shilling mark and now its formal designation by the ISO and Unicode.
5. (typography) The formal name of the oblique strikethrough overlay (as in A̷ and B̸) in Unicode.
6. (typography) The division line between the numerator and the denominator of a fraction, whether horizontal or oblique.
7. (chemistry, physics) The line in a phase diagram marking the temperatures and pressures below which a given substance is a stable solid.

   Coordinate terms: liquidus, solvus

同意語

• (Roman coin): nomisma, bezant (in Greek and Byzantine contexts)
• (debased Byzantine successors): nomisma, hyperpyron, bezant
• (typographic symbols): See slash and strikethrough

派生語

参考

• (Roman coin under Diocletian): argenteus (notionally 1/10 solidus); nummus (1/40); radiate (1/200); laureate (1/500); denarius (1/1000)
• (Roman coin after Constantine I): miliarense (notionally 1/12 solidus); siliqua (1/24; a modern term); follis (1/180); nummus (1/7200)
• (Byzantine coins): dinar (a ~20k Arabian copy); semissis (notionally 1/2 solidus); tremissis (1/3 solidus)
• (English coin): pound, pound sterling, libra (20 solidi); penny, denarius (1/12 solidus)
• (Roman weight): Roman pound, librum (72 solidi); siliqua (1/24 solidus)
• (French weight): livre, librum, pound (20 solidi); denarius, denier (1/12 solidus)
• liquidus
• macron
• vinculum

参照

• Oxford English Dictionary, "solidus, n." and "solidus, n."
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “solidus”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• “solidus”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

アナグラム

• dulosis

語源

From Proto-Italic *soliðos, from Proto-Indo-European *solh₂-i-dʰ-o-s (“entire”), suffixed form of root *solh₂- (“integrate, whole”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈsɔ.lɪ.dʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈsɔː.li.dus]

形容詞

solidus (feminine solida, neuter solidum, comparative solidior, superlative solidissimus, adverb solidē); first/second-declension adjective

1. dense, solid, not hollow
2. whole, entire, thorough, full

   Synonyms: integer, tōtus

3. firm

   Synonyms: firmus, stabilis

4. substantial, genuine, true, real

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective.

派生語

• īnsolidus
• soliditās
• solidō

派生した語

名詞

solidus m (genitive solidī); second declension

1. A solidus: a Roman ~23-carat gold coin introduced by Diocletian in AD 301.
2. (Medieval Latin) A bezant: the solidus's debased Byzantine successors.
3. (Medieval Latin) A shilling, as a unit of account or silver coin.
   • c. 1300, Tractatus de Ponderibus et Mensuris:

     Libra continet viginti solidos

     The [London] pound contains twenty shillings.

語形変化

Second-declension noun.

派生した語

参照

Further reading

• “solidus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “solidus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "solidus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “solidus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “solidus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• solidus in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
• “solidus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “solid”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “solidus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 12: Sk–š, page 49
• Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911), “sŏlĭdus”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 608