unguisとは意味・読み方・使い方

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/06/28 21:35 UTC 版)

語源

From Latin unguis (“nail, claw, hoof”). Doublet of onyx.

発音

IPA: /ˈʌŋ.ɡwɪs/

名詞

unguis (plural ungues or unguises)

(zoology) The nail, claw, talon, or hoof of a finger, toe, or other appendage.

Synonym: onychium
One of the terminal hooks on the foot of an insect.
(botany) The slender base of a petal in some flowers; a claw; an ungula.
(historical) An old measure equal to the length of the nail of the little finger.

派生語

subunguis

Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for “unguis”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)

ラテン語

語源

According to De Vaan, from the Proto-Indo-European u-stem *h₃n̥gʰ-u-, itself from *h₃ negʰ- (“nail”). The u-stem was secondarily remade into an i-stem later in Italic. The derivation of this term from the zero-grade *h₃n̥gʰ could serve as an example of Rix 's Law, according to which *#h₃ NC- would yield #oNC-. Höfler, who rejects the existence of Rix 's Law in Latin, alternatively suggests schwebeablaut in the root as an explanation, in which case the term would continue *h₃ enbʰ-.In support of this theory, Höfler cites Sanskrit वण्क्रि (váṇkri, “rib”) (< *wénk-ri-) beside व॒क्र (vakrá, “crooked”) (< *wn̥k-ró-) as evidence for the existence for the existence of secondary full-grades in i-stem derivatives. He also cites Sanskrit अङ्घ्रि (áṅghri) (perhaps from *h₃ engʰwi-) as evidence for schwebeablaut in the particula root *h₃ negʰ- itself. Schrijver, however, rejects schwebeablaut as a possible explanation, arguing that this phenomenon cannot occur within the same paradigm.

Cognates include Ancient Greek ὄνυξ (ónux), Old Irish ingen, Sanskrit नख (nakhá, “claw, nail”), Old Armenian եղունգն (ełungn), Old Church Slavonic ногъть (nogŭtĭ), Lithuanian nagas, Persian (nâxon), Albanian nyell, and 古期英語 næġl (English nail).

発音

(Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈʊŋ.ɡʷɪs]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈuŋ.ɡʷis]

名詞

unguis m (genitive unguis); third declension

(anatomy) fingernail, toenail
talon, claw
- 8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 2.257:
  
  Iamque satur nigrīs longum rapit unguibus hydrum
  
  And now, having eaten his fill [of figs], [the raven] snatches up a long water-snake in his black talons.
hoof

語形変化

Third-declension noun (i-stem, ablative singular in -e or occasionally -ī).

	singular	plural
nominative	unguis	unguēs
genitive	unguis	unguium
dative	unguī	unguibus
accusative	unguem	unguēs unguīs
ablative	ungue unguī	unguibus
vocative	unguis	unguēs

派生語

派生した語

(Note: almost all descendants are derived from ungula. See there for more.)

Italo-Romance:
- >? Italian: ugno, ogno (regional)
- >? Sicilian: ugnu
Borrowings:
- → English: unguis
- → French: unguis
- → Italian: ungue

参照

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “unguis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 641
^ Höfler, Stefan (2025), “Rix’s Law in Latin and the Etymology of īnfula ‘band, bandage”, in Pultrová, Lucie, Vaníková, Martina, editors, Exploring Latin: Structures, Functions, Meaning: Volume I: Word. Volume II: Clause and Discourse‎, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, →DOI, page 10 of 1-14
^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991), The Reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European Laryngeals in Latin (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page page6261

“unguis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“unguis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
“unguis”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “unguis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 641

[2] Höfler, Stefan (2025), “Rix’s Law in Latin and the Etymology of īnfula ‘band, bandage”, in Pultrová, Lucie, Vaníková, Martina, editors, Exploring Latin: Structures, Functions, Meaning: Volume I: Word. Volume II: Clause and Discourse‎, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, →DOI, page 10 of 1-14

[3] Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991), The Reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European Laryngeals in Latin (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page page6261


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unguisとは意味・読み方・使い方

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ハイパー英語辞書での「unguis」の意味

unguis

「unguis」を含む例文一覧

学術用語英和対訳集での「unguis」の意味

unguis

JST科学技術用語日英対訳辞書での「unguis」の意味

unguis

日本語WordNet(英和)での「unguis」の意味

unguis

日英・英日専門用語辞書での「unguis」の意味

unguis

Wiktionary英語版での「unguis」の意味

unguis

語源

発音

名詞

派生語

語源

発音

名詞

語形変化

派生語

派生した語

参照

「unguis」のお隣キーワード

unguisとは 意味・読み方・使い方

unguisの変形一覧

ハイパー英語辞書での「unguis」の意味

unguis

「unguis」を含む例文一覧

学術用語英和対訳集での「unguis」の意味

unguis

JST科学技術用語日英対訳辞書での「unguis」の意味

unguis

日本語WordNet(英和)での「unguis」の意味

unguis

日英・英日専門用語辞書での「unguis」の意味

unguis

Wiktionary英語版での「unguis」の意味

unguis

語源

発音

名詞

派生語

語源

発音

名詞

語形変化

派生語

派生した語

参照

「unguis」のお隣キーワード

unguisとは意味・読み方・使い方

unguisの
変形一覧