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別の表記

• pensill (obsolete)

語源

From Anglo-Norman and Old French pincil (see the variant pincel, which gave rise to Modern French pinceau (“paintbrush”)), from Latin pēnicillum, diminutive of pēniculus (“brush”), itself a diminutive of pēnis (“tail; penis”). Not related to pen.

発音

• IPA: /ˈpɛnsəl/, /ˈpɛntsəl/
• (Received Pronunciation, Indic, also) IPA: /ˈpɛnsɪl/
• 韻: -ɛnsəl
• ハイフネーション: pen‧cil

名詞

pencil (plural pencils)

1. (now chiefly historical) A paintbrush. [from 14th c.]
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Prologue”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, page 389:

     But living art may not least part expresse, / Nor life-resembling pencill it can paynt […].

   • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 17, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

     why is it not lawfull for every man to pourtray himself with his pen, as it was for him to doe it with a pensell?

   • 1791, James Boswell, Life of Johnson, Oxford, published 2008, page 1390:

     He requested three things of Sir Joshua Reynolds:—To forgive him thirty pounds which he had borrowed of him; to read the Bible; and never to use his pencil on a Sunday.

2. A writing utensil with a graphite (commonly referred to as lead) shaft, usually blended with clay, clad in wood, and sharpened to a taper. [from 16th c.]

   Synonym: lead pencil

3. (optics) An aggregate or collection of rays of light, especially when diverging from, or converging to, a point. [from 17th c.]
4. (geometry) A family of geometric objects with a common property, such as the set of lines that pass through a given point in a projective plane. [from 19th c.]
   • 1863, The Civil Engineer and Architect's Journal:

     When, by the pencil becoming oblique to the surface, the vergency produced on the pencil becomes changed, the primary and secondary focal points, V and H, separate […]

   • 1987, R. E. Trahan, Applied Identification, Modelling and Simulation, page 107:

     A drillable robot is capable of placing its end link in any orientation in the pencil of planes containing its first link.

   • 2012, G. E. Martin, The Foundations of Geometry and the Non-Euclidean Plane, page 357:

     Let l and m be two hyperparallel lines. All the transversals to l and m that form congruent corresponding angles with l and m lie in a pencil.

5. (medicine, obsolete, rare) A small medicated bougie. [19th c.]
6. (gambling) Ellipsis of power of the pencil.
   • 1978, Mario Puzo, Fools Die:

     And most important of all, Cully now had 'The Pencil', that most coveted of Las Vegas powers.

派生語

派生した語

動詞

pencil (third-person singular simple present pencils, present participle (US) penciling or (UK) pencilling, simple past and past participle (US) penciled or (UK) pencilled)

1. (transitive) To write (something) using a pencil.

   I penciled (BrE: pencilled) a brief reminder in my notebook.

   • 1888, Thomas Hardy, “An Imaginative Woman”, in Wessex Tales:

     She had hardly got back when she encountered a piece by Robert Trewe in the new number of her favourite magazine, which must have been written almost immediately before her visit to Solentsea, for it contained the very couplet she had seen pencilled on the wallpaper by the bed, and Mrs. Hooper had declared to be recent.

2. (transitive) To mark with, or as if with, a pencil.
   • 1852, The Ark, and Odd Fellows' Western Magazine:

     It pencilled each flower with rich and variegated hues, and threw over its exuberant foliage a vesture of emerald green.

派生語

• pencil in
• pencil out

Further reading

• pencil on Wikipedia.Wikipedia