英和和英

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˌkɑːbəˈneɪdəʊ/, /-ˈnɑː-/
• (General American) IPA: /ˌkɑɹbəˈneɪdoʊ/
• ハイフネーション: car‧bon‧a‧do

語源 1

The noun is derived from Spanish carbonada (“carbonized”) (from carbonar (“to carbonize”)) + -ado (suffix forming past participles of regular verbs ending in -ar). Carbonada appears to have been modelled after Italian carbonata (“coal pile; stew of beef in red wine”), from carbone (“coal; charcoal”) (from Latin carbō (“coal; charcoal”), from Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“to burn”)) + -ata.

The verb is derived from the noun.

名詞

carbonado (plural carbonados or carbonadoes)

1. (cooking, dated) Meat or fish that has been scored and broiled.

   Synonym: carbonade

   • c. 1587–1588 (date written), [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act IIII, scene iv:

     Take it vp Villain, and eat it, or I will make thee ſlice the brawnes of thy armes into carbonadoes, and eat them.

   • c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene v], page 23, column 1:

     […] to ſay the Troth on't before Corioles, he ſcotcht him, and notcht him like a Carbinado.

   • 1861, William Harrison Ainsworth, “The Constable of the Tower. An Historical Romance.”, in Bentley’s Miscellany, volume XLIX, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, book I, chapter XIX (Pulvis Pulveri, Cinis Cineri), page 390:

     Our giants again found their way to the larder, and broke theirfast with collops, rashers, carbonados, a shield of brawn and mustard, and a noble sirloin of beef, making sad havoc with the latter, and washing down the viands with copious draughts of humming ale.

   • 1867, John Timbs, “The English Housewife”, in Nooks and Corners of English Life, Past and Present, 2nd edition, London: Griffith and Farran, (successors to Newbery and Harris,) […], →OCLC, page 163:

     The carbonadoes consisted of any meat scotched on both sides and sprinkled with seasonings in various combinations, and then either broiled over the fire or before it.

   • 1989, Rose Tremain, “Wedding Games”, in Restoration: A Novel, London: Hamish Hamilton, →ISBN; republished London: Random House, 2010, →ISBN:

     With a quick sweep of my eye, I see fricassées, steamed bass and poached salmon, roast snipe, peacock, teal, mallard and quail, game pies and carbonados, tarts of marrowbone, neats' tongues, venison pasties, baked guinea fowl, compound salads, dishes of cream, quinces, comfits and marzipans, preserves, cheeses and fruits.

動詞

carbonado (third-person singular simple present carbonados, present participle carbonadoing, simple past and past participle carbonadoed)

1. (transitive, dated, also figuratively) To make a carbonado of; to score and broil.
   • 1615, G[ervase] M[arkham], “[The English Hus-wife.] Of the Outward and Actiue Knowledges of the Hous-wife; and First of Her Skill in Cookery.”, in Countrey Contentments, in Two Bookes: The First, Containing the Whole Art of Riding Great Horses in Very Short Time, […] The Second Intituled, The English Huswife: […], London: […] I[ohn] B[eale] for R[oger] Iackson, […], →OCLC, page 63:

     Now for the manner of Carbonadoing it is in this ſort, you ſhall firſt take the meate you muſt Carbonadoe and ſcorche it both aboue and belowe; then ſprinkle good ſtore of ſalt vpon it, and baſte it all ouer with ſweet butter melted, […]

   • c. 1615–1616, Francis Beaumont, John Fletcher, “Loves Pilgramage, a Comedy”, in Fifty Comedies and Tragedies. […], [part 2], London: […] J[ohn] Macock [and H. Hills], for John Martyn, Henry Herringman, and Richard Marriot, published 1679, →OCLC, Act I, scene i, page 69, column 2:

     Has he beſpoke, what will he have a brace,
     Or but one Partridge, or a ſhort-leg'd Hen,
     Daintyly carbonado'd?

   • 1675, William Rabisha, “Book IX. Contains Hash, Stewed, Broyled and Carbonadoed Meats.”, in The Whole Body of Cookery Dissected: […], 2nd edition, London: Printed for E. C. [a]nd are to be sold by Francis Smith, […], →OCLC, page 94:

     To Carbonado Veal. Take a breaſt of Veal, lard it very thick with bacon, and when it is boyled, Carbonado it long, and croſs-wayes; […]

2. (transitive, obsolete) To cut or hack, as in combat.

   Synonym: slash

   • c. 1603–1606 (date written), [William Shakespeare], […] His True Chronicle Historie of the Life and Death of King Lear and His Three Daughters. […] (First Quarto), London: […] Nathaniel Butter, […], published 1608, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:

     Draw you raſcall, you bring letters againſt the King, and take Vanitie the puppets part, againſt the royaltie of her father, draw you rogue or ile ſo carbonado your shankes, […]

     Draw your sword, you rascal. You bring letters against the King, and take the side of his vain daughter against the royalty of her father. Draw your sword, you rogue, or I'll cut your thighs.

   • 1832 October 27, Winthrop Mackworth Praed, Derwent Coleridge, “Tales out of School. A Dropt Letter from a Lady.”, in The Poems of Winthrop Mackworth Praed, […]. In Two Volumes, 4th edition, volume II, London: E[dward] Moxon, Son & Co., […], published 1874, →OCLC, page 217:

     In Moscow, a Count carbonadoes
     His ignorant serfs with the knout;
     […]
     But Eton has crueller terrors
     Than these,—in the Windsor Express.

語源 2

Borrowed from Portuguese carbonado (“carbonized”), probably from carbono (“carbon”) (currently only attested later than carbonado) + -ado (suffix forming adjectives from nouns meaning ‘something or someone who has suffered the action’). Carbono is borrowed from French carbone (“carbon”), from Latin carbō (“coal; charcoal”); for further derivation, see etymology 1.

名詞

carbonado (plural carbonados or carbonadoes)

1. (mineralogy) A dark, non-transparent, impure form of polycrystalline diamond (also containing graphite and amorphous carbon) used in drilling.

   Synonym: black diamond

   • 1873 October, “Some New Facts Concerning the Diamond”, in William Crookes, editor, The Quarterly Journal of Science, and Annals of Mining, Metallurgy, Engineering, Industrial Arts, Manufactures, and Technology, volume III (New Series; volume X overall), London: Offices of the Quarterly Journal of Science, 3, Horse-shoe Court, Ludgate Hill; Paris: Friedrich Klincksieck; Leipzg: Alfons Dürr, →OCLC, page 439:

     At present, equal attention is paid to irregular fragments of a blackish or greyish colour, occasionally of considerable size, also yielded by the washings of diamandiferous sand, which formerly passed unregarded. These fragments are now carefully colected, and have acquired some considerable value in commerce, where they are known under the name of carbonado or carbon. […] An examination of these numerous varieties has made it evident that between carbonado of a simply micro-crystalline texture, and the diamond regularly crystallised in diaphanous octahedrons, there exists an uninterrupted series of intermediate conditions.

   • 1928 January, Orville H. Kneen, “Gems that Work for a Living: Black Diamonds, the Most Precious Stones on Earth, Put to Curious Industrial Uses”, in The Popular Science Monthly, volume 112, number 1, New York, N.Y.: Popular Science Publishing Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 133, column 1:

     Brazil's carbonadoes are indispensable today for the speedy cutting of hard rubber, bakelite and fiber compounds. Their absolute precision is especially valuable in turning such instruments as high-power telescopes and microscope tubes.

   • 1974, Ye. V. Frantsesson, F. V. Kaminskiy, “Carbonado, a Diamond Variety of Nonkimberlitic Origin”, in Doklady: Earth Science Sections, Falls Church, Va.: American Geological Institute, →OCLC, page 117:

     Carbonado, the granular variety of diamond, is a porous micro- or cryptocrystalline aggregate, composed of anhedral grains and crystallites of octahedral or, less commonly, cubic habit that range in size from 0.5 to 50 nm.

   • 2005, Wolf Uwe Reimold et al., “Economic Mineral Deposits in Impact Structures: A Review”, in Christian Koeberl, Herbert Henkel, editors, Impact Tectonics (Impact Studies), Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, →ISBN, →ISSN, section 3.2 (The Carbonado Conundrum), page 505:

     Carbonados are polycrystalline diamond aggregates of generally irregular shapes that have been observed in placer deposits and low-grade metamorphic rocks of mainly Brazil, Russia, South Africa, Ukraine, Venezuela, and the Central African Republic. […] Smith and Dawson (1985), consequently, suggested that carbonados could have been formed as a consequence of Precambrian impact events into carbon-bearing crustal rocks. All other traces of these impacts and the related impact structures apparently have been eroded, and only the carbonados had survived erosion and were then incorporated into sedimentary rocks.

等位語

• ballas
• boart, bort

参照

Further reading

• carbonado (diamond) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• David Barthelmy (1997–2026), “Carbonado”, in Webmineral Mineralogy Database.
• “carbonado”, in Mindat.org‎, Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, 2000–2026.