英和和英

別の表記

• (abbreviation): Ru.

語源

From Medieval Latin (11th century) Russiānus, from Russia, a Latinization of the Old East Slavic Русь (Rusĭ)) + -ānus (“of or pertaining to”). Attested in English (both as a noun and as an adjective) from the 16th century. By surface analysis, Russia +‎ -an. Piecewise doublet of Rossiyan.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /ˈɹʌʃ(ə)n/
• (Northern England) IPA: /ˈɹʊʃ(ə)n/
• (Scotland, Wales) IPA: /ˈɾʌʃ(ə)n/
• 韻: -ʌʃən

形容詞

Russian (comparative more Russian, superlative most Russian)

1. Of or pertaining to Russia or Russians.

   Synonyms: Muscovite, (rare) Rossiyan, (dated) Russ

   • 2015, Shane R. Reeves, David Wallace, “The Combatant Status of the “Little Green Men” and Other Participants in the Ukraine Conflict”, in International Law Studies, US Naval War College‎, volume 91, number 361, Stockton Center for the Study of International Law, archived from the original on 27 May 2022, page 393:

     The “little green men”—faces covered, wearing unmarked olive uniforms, speaking Russian and using Russian weapons—have played a significant role in both the occupation of Crimea and the civil war in eastern Ukraine.

   • 2017 February 19, “Putin”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, season 4, episode 2, John Oliver (actor), via HBO:

     So that is the official line: you’re shit, we’re shit, everything’s shit, never try for a better world because it doesn’t exist. That is not only bleak, I think it’s also the working title of every Russian novel ever written.

   • 2022 March 10, Kaitlan Collins, Manu Raju, Kate Sullivan, MJ Lee, John Harwood, “Biden calls for suspending normal trade relations with Russia and will ban imports of vodka and seafood”, in CNN‎, archived from the original on 8 April 2022:

     “Revoking PNTR for Russia is going to make it harder for Russia to do business with the United States and doing it in unison with other nations that make up half of the global economy will be another crushing blow to the Russian economy that’s already suffering very badly from our sanctions,” Biden said.

2. (dated) Of or pertaining to the Soviet Union.

   Synonym: Soviet

3. (dated) Of or pertaining to Rus.
4. Of or pertaining to the Russian language.

派生した語

• → Ahtna: lazene
• → Chinese: 羅宋 / 罗宋 (luósòng)
• → Ukrainian: ра́шин (rášyn), ра́шн (rášn)

名詞

Russian (countable and uncountable, plural Russians)

1. (countable) A citizen of Russia.

   Synonyms: (archaic) Muscovite, (rare) Rossiyan, (dated, rare, poetic) Russ

   • 1913, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Return of Tarzan, New York: Ballantine Books, published 1963, page 85:

     A grim smile plays about Tarzan’s lips. At least Rokoff will be cheated. How mad he will be! And death will be more merciful than he could have hoped for at the hands of the Russian.

   • 1983, Peace and Security in the Atlantic and Pacific Regions, page 69:

     But be that as it may: the Great Russian chauvinist Voznesenskii knew exactly how best to touch upon the asiaphobic nerve of his fellow-countrymen, how to stimulate the deep-rooted irrational fears of the Russians of peril looming from Asia, and how to turn those fears against China.

   • 2015, Shane R. Reeves, David Wallace, “The Combatant Status of the “Little Green Men” and Other Participants in the Ukraine Conflict”, in International Law Studies, US Naval War College‎, volume 91, number 361, Stockton Center for the Study of International Law, archived from the original on 27 May 2022, page 382:

     Though they consistently deny these accusations, there is overwhelming evidence showing the Russians actively equipping, training and even fighting alongside the separatists in eastern Ukraine.

   • 2022 March 10, Kaitlan Collins, Manu Raju, Kate Sullivan, MJ Lee, John Harwood, “Biden calls for suspending normal trade relations with Russia and will ban imports of vodka and seafood”, in CNN‎, archived from the original on 8 April 2022:

     “I believe the Russians – the inhumane behavior of Russia does not justify it to get the fruits of the international community,” Wyden told CNN.

2. (countable) A person of an East Slavic ethnic group which is native to, and constitutes the majority of the population of, Russia; an ethnic Russian.
3. (countable, obsolete) A person from the Soviet Union.
4. (uncountable) The Russian language.

   Synonym: (dated) Russ

   • 2015, Shane R. Reeves, David Wallace, “The Combatant Status of the “Little Green Men” and Other Participants in the Ukraine Conflict”, in International Law Studies, US Naval War College‎, volume 91, number 361, Stockton Center for the Study of International Law, archived from the original on 27 May 2022, page 393:

     The “little green men”—faces covered, wearing unmarked olive uniforms, speaking Russian and using Russian weapons—have played a significant role in both the occupation of Crimea and the civil war in eastern Ukraine.

5. A domestic cat breed.
6. A cat of this breed.
7. (juggling, rare in the singular) A type of juggling ball with a hard outer shell, filled with salt, sand or another similar substance.
   • 2011, jamescoutry24, “Beanbags > Russian”, in rec.juggling (Usenet):

     Ok, I do think I am starting to get used to it, but you have to admit, if youve been juggling bags and then start juggling Russians, they feel sooo lopsided to juggle at first!

8. (MLE, slang) Someone from or around Brandon Estate (also known as Moscow).
9. (MLE, slang) A gun (due to some preference for Russian arms with gang members).
10. (South Africa) A kind of sausage derived from Russian kolbasa.

固有名詞

Russian

1. A surname.

統計情報

• According to the 2010 United States Census, Russian is the 36970 most common surname in the United States, belonging to 604 individuals. Russian is most common among White (81.13%) individuals.

動詞

Russian (third-person singular simple present Russians, present participle Russianing, simple past and past participle Russianed)

1. (transitive, obsolete) To compel or force someone as a result of Russian influence or pressure.

派生語

関連する語

参考

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Russian terms
• Appendix:Russian Swadesh list for a Swadesh list of basic vocabulary words in Russian

Further reading

• ISO 639-1 code ru, ISO 639-3 code rus (SIL)
• Ethnologue entry for Russian, rus ⁠
• Russian on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Russian (cat) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia