ethosとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Ancient Greek ἦθος (êthos, “character; custom, habit”). Cognate to Sanskrit स्वधा (svadhā́, “habit, custom”).

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /ˈiːθɒs/
• (米国発音) IPA: /ˈiθɑs/, /ˈiθoʊs/

名詞

ethos (plural ethe or ethea or ethoses)

1. The character or fundamental values of a person, people, culture, or movement.
   • 2011 October 26, Brook Larmer, “Where an Internet Joke Is Not Just a Joke”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN:

     To slip past censors, Chinese bloggers have become masters of comic subterfuge, cloaking their messages in protective layers of irony and satire. This is not a new concept, but it has erupted so powerfully that it now defines the ethos of the Internet in China.

   • 2021 March 10, Greg Morse, “Telling the railway's story on film”, in RAIL, number 926, page 49:

     As we saw with Housing Problems, this 'telling one's own story' is an ethos Edgar Anstey would have applauded, and it was an ethos that has fed into Network Rail's work during the COVID-19 pandemic. Green explains: "COVID has produced huge challenges for us, but it showed there is such a need for film-making at a time like this."

2. (rhetoric) A form of rhetoric in which the writer or speaker invokes their authority, competence or expertise in an attempt to persuade others that their view is correct.
3. (art) The traits in a work of art which express the ideal or typic character, as influenced by the ethos (character or fundamental values) of a people, rather than emotional situations or individual character traits in a narrow sense; opposed to pathos.

関連する語

参考

• logos
• pathos
• zeitgeist

参照

• “ethos”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

アナグラム

• shote, Theos, those, sothe

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈeː.tʰɔs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈɛː.t̪os]

名詞

ēthos n (genitive ētheos); irregular, third declension

1. synonym of mōrēs
2. (drama) character
   • 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis historia 35.98:

     Is omnium prīmus animum pīnxit et sēnsūs hominis expressit, quae vocant Graecī ēthē, item perturbātiōnēs, dūrior paulō in colōribus.

     He [viz. Aristides of Thebes] was the first of all painters who depicted the mind and expressed the feelings of a human being, what the Greeks term ethe, and also the emotions; he was a little too hard in his colours.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Marcus Terentius Varro to this entry?)

語形変化

Third-declension noun (irregular, Greek-type).

参照

• “ēthos”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• "ethos", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “ēthŏs”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 604/1.
• “ēthos” on page 623/1 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)