scratとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From 中期英語 scratten. Further etymology uncertain; apparently related to cratch, from 中期英語 cratchen, cracchen (“to scratch”), alteration of *cratsen (“to scratch”). The root is Germanic and may be inherited from Proto-West Germanic. Compare Proto-Germanic *krattōną (“to scratch”), also of uncertain origin but perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to scratch, carve, cut”); ultimately onomatopoeic in origin (compare crush, crow). From a surface analysis, maybe related to Proto-Germanic *skraudō (“scraps, shreds”); also 古期英語 scrama (“scratch”), among other Germanic roots beginning with *skr- (cf. scrape). (Can this etymology be sourced?)

Compare related Old Swedish kratta (“to scratch”), Swedish kratta (“to rake”), Danish kratte (“to scratch”), Icelandic krota (“to engrave”); Old Norse *kratsa, Danish kradse (“to scratch, scrape, claw”), Swedish kratsa (“to scratch”), Icelandic krassa (“to scrawl”); Dutch kratsen (“to scratch”), Low German kratten, Old High German krazzōn, crazōn (“to scratch”), Middle Low German krassen, kratsen, German kratzen (“to scratch”), Albanian gërresë (“rasp, scraper”). According to SAOB, a related word is apparently Old Swedish kraza (“to quarrel, to fight”), which could suggest a relation to English craze, from Old Norse *krasa (“to shatter”).

別の表記

• scratt

動詞

scrat (third-person singular simple present scrats, present participle scratting, simple past and past participle scratted)

1. (obsolete) To scratch or scrape.
   • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:
     , New York Review of Books, 2001, p.286:

     Euclio […] as he went from home, seeing a crow scrat upon the muck-hill, returned in all haste, taking it for malum omen, an ill sign […].

2. (obsolete, UK) To rake; to search.
   • 1978, A.S. Byatt, The Virgin in The Garden, Vintage International, published 1992, page 89:

     He himself had scratted in the thin dust of evangelical tracts.

語源 2

Compare 古期英語 scritta (“a hermaphrodite”), which had an earlier sense of "effeminate person, castrated man," presumably related to sċieran (“to cut”). Liberman notes that Germanic glossators, not familiar with Ovid, did not know exactly how to translate Latin hermaphroditus and instead matched it with more native words related to sexual deficiencies.

名詞

scrat (plural scrats)

1. (obsolete) A hermaphrodite.
   • 1649, Thomas Johnson, The Workes of that Famous Chirurgion Ambrose Parey:

     three on the right side for males , three on the left side for femals , and one in the midst for Hermophrodices or Scrats

参照

語源 3

From 中期英語 scrat, from 古期英語 *scrætt, from Proto-Germanic *skrattuz (“troll, forest monster”). Compare German Schratt and Old Norse skratti.

名詞

scrat (plural scrats)

1. (obsolete) A devil.

関連する語

• Old Scratch

参照

• “scrat”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

アナグラム

• C-rats, CARTs, Carts, SCART, carts, crats, scart