under attributeとは 意味・読み方・使い方

動詞

underattribute (third-person singular simple present underattributes, present participle underattributing, simple past and past participle underattributed)

1. (transitive) To attribute insufficiently or inadequately.
   1. To underestimate the role of some specified factors in causing (a particular outcome, action, or state of affairs).
      • 2000, Morton Deutsch, ‎Peter T. Coleman, The Handbook of Conflict Resolution, page 240:

        Our tendency to overattribute behavior to dispositions and underattribute it to circumstances is known as the fundamental attribution error (Ross, 1977).

      • 2013, SuEllen Hamkins, The Art of Narrative Psychiatry: Stories of Strength and Meaning, page 12:

        Because of this, particualr discernment is needed to determine whether the diagnosis is a useful narrative for understanding a person's experience, with care to neither over- nor underattribute symptoms to that diagnosis.

      • 2015, Kathleen Eisenhardt, ‎Donald Sull, Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a Complex World:

        Most of us tend to overattribute our successes to ourselves rather than to circumstances, and conversely to underattribute our failures to ourselves.

      • 2017, Petter Gottschalk, CEOs and White-Collar Crime: A Convenience Perspective, page 43:

        For example, CEOs have been shown to overattribute poor firm performance to uncontrollable or temporary conditions in the external environment and underattribute performance problems to the current corporate strategy.

   2. To tend to mistakenly believe that (a certain quality) is not present when, in fact, it is.
      • 1975, Richard B. Darlington, ‎Ronald G. Nathan, Radicals and Squares, and Other Statistical Procedures for the Behavioral Sciences, page 212:

        The hypothesis of interest was stated by Siegel as follows: "Women who have personal difficulty in handling aggressive impulses are more extreme than others in their judgments of hostility in film characters— some underattribute and others overattribute. "

      • 2008, Usha Goswami, Blackwell Handbook of Childhood Cognitive Development, page 160:

        Tasks that include non-living natural kinds (e.g., clouds and rivers) generally elicit more animalistic errors (e.g., Carey, 1985; Laurendeau & Pinard, 1962; Smeets, 1973; see Nass, 1956, for discussion of content effects); however, even with such items, preschoolers are no more likely to overattribute life than to underattribute it (Hatano et al., 1993; Smeets, 1973).

      • 2013, Daniel C. Dennett, Kinds Of Minds:

        To underattribute minds —to disregard or discount or deny the experience, the suffering and joy, the thwarted ambitions and frustrated desires of a mind-having person or animal—would be a terrible sin.

      • 2019, Michael J. Hannon, What's the Point of Knowledge?: A Function-first Epistemology, page 121:

        A better interpretation is that the data points to our tendency to underattribute knowledge to agents who knowingly do something for which they merit no praise— and this can be given a pragmatic explanation .

   3. To misattribute a work of art by asserting that the artist is a less renowned one than it actually is.
      • 2016, Anne Laure Bandle, The Sale of Misattributed Artworks and Antiques at Auction, page 194:

        In the event of a sleeper consignment, the auctioneer is often not fraudulently misrepresenting the property, as he generally has no intention to erroneously underattribute and undersell the lot.

      • 2022, Martin Wilson, Art Law and the Business of Art, page 367:

        Claims by sellers of underattributed artworks

   Antonym: overattribute

使用する際の注意点

• While this verb is marked as transitive, because it always has an object, in some cases the object is implied rather than stated. For example, in the quote given above: "Women who have personal difficulty in handling aggressive impulses are more extreme than others in their judgments of hostility in film characters — some underattribute and others overattribute." Hostility is the object of underattribute.

派生語

• underattribution