英和和英

語源 1

From 中期英語 leyen doun, leien doun (“to lay down”), equivalent to lay +‎ down.

動詞

lay down (third-person singular simple present lays down, present participle laying down, simple past and past participle laid down)

1. (transitive) To give up, surrender, or yield (e.g. a weapon), usually by placing it on the ground.

   The police urged the gunman to lay down his weapon.

   Lay down your arms.

2. To place on the ground, e.g. a railway on a trackbed.
   • 1951 April, D. S. Barrie, “British Railways: A Survey, 1948-1950”, in Railway Magazine, number 600, page 225:

     Two standard types of flat-bottom track were introduced as early as 1949, and some 1,570 miles had been laid down to the end of 1950.

   • 2021 December 29, Stephen Roberts, “Stories and facts behind railway plaques: Chester (1848)”, in RAIL, number 947, page 57:

     He also thought nothing of laying down a railway in a war zone. For example, he was one of those behind the Grand Crimean Central Railway, built during the Crimean War [...].

3. (transitive) To intentionally take a fall while riding a motorcycle, in order to prevent a more serious collision.

   He laid down his brand-new Harley-Davidson to avoid the oncoming bus.

4. (transitive) To specify, institute, enact, assert firmly, state authoritatively, establish or formulate (rules or policies).

   Let's lay down the rules right at the beginning, so we are consistent.

   You've got to lay down the law with that boy.

   • 1893, William Morris, The Ideal Book:

     Well, I lay it down, first, that a book quite unornamented can look actually and positively beautiful, and not merely un-ugly, if it be, so to say, architecturally good, which, by the by, need not add much to its price […]

   • 1963 February, “Diesel locomotive faults and their remedies”, in Modern Railways, page 103:

     Many of the faults reported in all categories should have been cleared by systematic fault-finding. Once a system of fault-finding has been laid down, staff must be made familiar with it and must follow the correct sequence of diagnosis step by step in the way set out in a fault-finding chart.

   • 1979, Alix Dobkins, Adventures in Women's Music:

     To come up with common, honorable, flexible, sensible, creative, meaningful, non-coercive "codes" or expectations of ethical behavior while avoiding laying down hard-line, guilt-inspiring "politically correct" rules and superficial judgements is no small feat.

   • 2016 February 20, “Obituary: Antonin Scalia: Always right”, in The Economist:

     The law was written in words, and those ideally laid down bright lines for everyone to follow

5. To stock, store (e.g. wine) for the future. See also lay by.
6. (African-American Vernacular, dated, transitive) To kill (someone).
7. (euphemistic, transitive) To euthanize an animal.
8. To sacrifice, especially in the phrase "to lay down one's life."
9. (intransitive, proscribed) To lie down.

   I feel a bit ill, so I'm going to go lay down for a while.

10. (nautical, dated) To draw the lines of a ship's hull at full size, before starting a build.
11. (obsolete, printing) To place a sheet in a printing press for printing.

派生語

語源 2

動詞

lay down

1. simple past of lie down

   He lay down in his bed until he felt better.

派生語

発音

名詞

laydown (countable and uncountable, plural laydowns)

1. (usually uncountable) The act of laying something down.
   • 1992, T.S. Shuler et al., “Design and Construction of Asphalt Concrete Using Polymer Modified Asphalt Binders”, in Polymer Modified Asphalt Binders‎, →ISBN, page 125:

     However, significant smoke was observed during laydown of this mixture.

2. (publishing) A physical mockup or layout of a page design.
   • 2006, Susan Linnet Cox, Photo Styling‎, →ISBN, page 114:

     It was a week's worth of laydowns portraying the full line of athletic clothing for that season […]

3. (military) A pattern of deployment.
   • 1984, Ashton B. Carter et al., Ballistic Missile Defense‎, →ISBN, page 141:

     The offense could contrive a variety of laydowns to intensify the defense's problems.

4. (bridge) A hand which is so strong that the declarer can simply expose it and claim the number of tricks required by his or her contract.
   • 2008 December 26, Phillip Alder, “Set the Toys Aside and Listen to What the Cards Are Saying”, in The New York Times‎:

     North-South rested in five spades, with grand slams in spades and clubs laydown.

5. (fishing) A tree fallen in water, where anglers might target fish.
   • 2007 February 7, Tim Tucker, “10 tips for fishing fallen trees”, in Bassmaster‎:

     The most important thing to consider when fishing laydowns is to perfectly position your boat before making your very first cast

形容詞

laydown (not comparable)

1. Of packaging: designed to lie flat rather than stand upright.
   • 1997, National Petroleum News, volume 89, numbers 7-13, page 52:

     Most C-store category managers prefer pegboard to bagged, and many have stopped carrying laydown bags.

2. Of (usually nuclear) bomb delivery: designed to land the bomb on the ground and wait for some time before detonation.

関連する語

• lay down

参考

• laydown on Wikipedia.Wikipedia