英和和英

語源

From 中期英語 muscheron, musseron, from Anglo-Norman musherum, moscheron, from Old French moisseron, of obscure origin: probably derived from Old French mosse, moise ("moss"; whence also French mousse), as the use first applied to a type of fungus which grows in moss, from Frankish *mosu (“moss”) or Old Dutch *mosa (“moss”), akin to Old High German mosa (“moor, swamp”), Old High German mos (“moss, bog”), Old High German mios (“moss, mire”), 古期英語 mēos (“moss”), 古期英語 mōs (“bog, marsh”), Old Norse mosi (“moss”), Old Norse myrr (“bog, mire”), from Proto-Germanic *musą, *musô, *miuziz (“mosses, bog”), from Proto-Indo-European *mews- (“mosses, mold, mildew”). Displaced native 古期英語 swamm. More at mire. Alternatively, the Old French may be of pre-Roman origin. See Ancient Greek μύκης (múkēs, “mushroom”). Doublet of moss and mousse.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American, Canada) IPA: /ˈmʌʃˌɹuːm/, /ˈmʌʃˌɹʊm/, /ˈmʌʃˌɹəm/
• (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA: /ˈmɐʃˌɹʉːm/, /ˈmɐʃˌɹʊm/, /ˈmɐʃˌɹəm/
• ハイフネーション: mush‧room
• 韻: -ʌʃɹuːm, -ʌʃɹʊm

名詞

mushroom (plural mushrooms)

1. Any of the fleshy fruiting bodies of fungi typically produced above ground on soil or on their food sources (such as decaying wood).

   Synonyms: (archaic) mushrump, shroom

   Some mushrooms are edible and taste good, while others are poisonous and taste foul.

   • 1961, Harry E. Wedeck, Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs, New York: The Citadel Press, page 159:

     Arabs consider the eating of mushrooms as an aphrodisiac aid.

2. A fungus producing such fruiting bodies.
3. Champignon or Agaricus bisporus, the mushroom species most commonly used in cooking.
4. Any of the mushroom-shaped pegs in bar billiards.
5. (architecture) A concrete column with a thickened portion at the top, used to support a slab.
6. (obsolete, figurative) One who rises suddenly from a low condition in life; an upstart.
   • 1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “VI. Century.”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

     upstarts […] call in reproach mushrooms

7. (figurative) Something that grows very quickly or seems to appear suddenly.
   • 1971, Gwen White, Antique Toys And Their Background, page 129:

     The craze [hula hoops] began in the U.S.A., and in October the boom crossed the Atlantic and 40 firms sprang into being, some being overnight mushrooms.

8. Ellipsis of mushroom cloud.

派生語

派生した語

• → Japanese: マッシュルーム

参考

Further reading

“mushroom”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

形容詞

mushroom (not comparable)

1. (attributive) Having characteristics like those of a mushroom, for example in shape or appearance, speed of growth, or texture.

   mushroom cloud

動詞

mushroom (third-person singular simple present mushrooms, present participle mushrooming, simple past and past participle mushroomed)

1. (intransitive, figurative) To grow quickly to a large size or rapidly increase in scope or scale.

   The town’s population mushroomed from 10,000 to 110,000 in five years.

   • 2009, Zhang Yulin, “China's War on its Environment and Farmers' Rights: A Study of Shanxi Province”, in Confronting Discrimination and Inequality in China: Chinese and Canadian Perspectives‎, University of Ottawa Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 166:

     In Beilu Village of Liucun Town in Yaodu District, Linfen, abnormal illnesses continued to emerge, as a result of clusters of highly-polluting enterprises mushrooming in the vicinity.

   • 2019 June 1, Oliver Wainwright, “Super-tall, super-skinny, super-expensive: the ‘pencil towers’ of New York’s super-rich”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian‎, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 5 October 2020:

     The world's population of ultra-high-net-worth individuals, a super-elite with assets of at least $30m, has now mushroomed beyond 250,000 people, all in need of somewhere to store their wealth.

   • 2021 February 10, Thomas L. Friedman, “Cyberspace Plus Trump Almost Killed Our Democracy. Can Europe Save Us?”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN:

     It has its own global news gathering and sharing platforms, like Facebook, YouTube and Twitter. […] In recent years, all these platforms have mushroomed.

2. (intransitive) To gather mushrooms.

   We used to go mushrooming in the forest every weekend.

3. (intransitive) To form the shape of a mushroom.
   • 2001, James E. Duffy, I-Car Professional Automotive Collision Repair, page 173:

     Excessive spot weld time may cause the electrode tips to mushroom, resulting in no focus of current and a weak weld.

   1. (ballistics, of a bullet) To form the shape of a mushroom when striking a soft target.