OILとは意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• enPR: oil, IPA^(key): /ɔɪl/, [ɔɪɫ]
• Homophone: Oi'll
• 韻: -ɔɪl

語源 1

From Middle English oyle, oile (“olive oil”), borrowed from Anglo-Norman olie, from Latin oleum (“oil, olive oil”), from Ancient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion, “olive oil”), from ἐλαία (elaía, “olive”). Compare Proto-Slavic *lojь. More at olive. Supplanted Middle English ele (“oil”), from 古期英語 ele (“oil”), also from Latin.

名詞

oil (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 oils)

1. Liquid fat.
3. Petroleum-based liquid used as fuel or lubricant.
   • 2013 August 3, “Yesterday’s fuel”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:

     The dawn of the oil age was fairly recent. Although the stuff was used to waterproof boats in the Middle East 6,000 years ago, extracting it in earnest began only in 1859 after an oil strike in Pennsylvania. The first barrels of crude fetched $18 (around $450 at today’s prices). It was used to make kerosene, the main fuel for artificial lighting after overfishing led to a shortage of whale blubber.

4. (countable) An oil painting.
   • 1973, John Ulric Nef, Search for meaning: the autobiography of a nonconformist, page 89:

     Yet, in another way, I was unable to put Picasso's oils in the same class as Cezanne's, or even (which will no doubt shock many readers) as Renoir's.

5. (painting) Oil paint.

   I prefer to paint in oil

6. (attributive) Containing oil, conveying oil; intended for or capable of containing oil.

   oil barrel; oil pipe

   • 1884, Trade News, “A one-wheel Nantucket vehicle”, in The Automotive Manufacturer‎^[1], page 372:

     Such a vehicle is made by taking any old barrel (usually an oil barrel, but the one selected for our sketch was one that once contained Valentine’s varnish) and through each head of the barrel an inch hole is bored, and an iron bar is driven through, leaving the ends projecting about eight inches.

派生語

語源 2

From Middle English oilen, oylen, from the noun (see above).

動詞

oil (三人称単数 現在形 oils, 現在分詞 oiling, 過去形および過去分詞形 oiled)

1. (transitive) To lubricate with oil.
   • 1900 May 17, L[yman] Frank Baum, chapter 23, in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chicago, Ill.; New York, N.Y.: Geo[rge] M. Hill Co., OCLC 297099816:

     Before they went to see Glinda, however, they were taken to a room of the Castle, where Dorothy washed her face and combed her hair, and the Lion shook the dust out of his mane, and the Scarecrow patted himself into his best shape, and the Woodman polished his tin and oiled his joints.

   • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 17, in The China Governess‎^[2]:

     The face which emerged was not reassuring.  […] . He was not a mongol but there was a deficiency of a sort there, and it was not made more pretty by a latter-day hair cut which involved eccentrically long elf-locks and oiled black curls.

2. (transitive) To grease with oil for cooking.

派生語

• unoil

アナグラム

• ILO, LOI, Loi, Oli