barmとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From 中期英語 barm, barme, berm, bearm, from 古期英語 bearm (“lap; bosom”), from Proto-West Germanic *barm, from Proto-Germanic *barmaz (“lap; bosom”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear”). Cognate with German Barm (“lap; bosom”).

名詞

barm (plural barms) (obsolete outside dialects)

1. bosom
2. lap

派生語

語源 2

From 中期英語 berme, berm, from 古期英語 beorma, from Proto-West Germanic *bermō (“yeast; barm”); related to the dialectal Low German Bärm (“yeast”), from Middle Low German barm, berm. The cake sense is possibly a shortened form of barmcake, which would be made with yeast as described in that sense, or possibly it is from the Irish bairín breac, a type of bread.

名詞

barm (countable and uncountable, plural barms)

1. Foam rising upon beer or other malt liquors when fermenting, used as leaven in brewing and making bread; yeast.
   • c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], line 25:

     [A]nd sometimes make the drink to bear no barm.

   • 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 4, page 620:

     In 1577 yeast, called barm, is bought at 9d. the pail.

   • 1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC:

     And he chaffed the women as he served them their ha'porths of barm.

     Penguin 2006, p. 65

2. A small, round, flat individual loaf or roll of bread.

派生語

• bacon barm
• barmbrack
• barmy
• chip barm

語源 3

From 中期英語 bermen, from the noun (see above).

動詞

barm (third-person singular simple present barms, present participle barming, simple past and past participle barmed)

1. To spurge; foam

参考

アナグラム

• AMBR, Bram

別の表記

• berm (Early Middle English, West Midland); bearm (AB language); bærm (Laȝamon's Brut)
• barme, barym (Late Middle English)

発音

• IPA: /barm/

名詞

barm (plural barmes, dative singular barme)

1. The lap (The portion of one's legs that lies flat while sitting)
   • Late 14th century: And with that word this faucon gan to crie / And swowned eft in Canacees barm. — Geoffrey Chaucer, ‘The Squire's Tale’, Canterbury Tales
2. chest, torso, abdomen
   • Late 14th century: [...] kisse hire child er that it deyde / And in hir barm this litel child she leyde. — Geoffrey Chaucer, ‘The Clerk's Tale’, Canterbury Tales
3. belly, stomach
4. (rare) A flat surface that serves as a resting-place.

派生した語

• English: barm
• Scots: berme, berm, barm

参照

• “barm, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 6 May 2018.

語源 2

名詞

barm

1. (Late Middle English) alternative form of berme (“yeast”)