lapとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English lappe, from 古期英語 læppa (“skirt または flap of a garment”), from Proto-Germanic *lappô (“cloth; rag”), of uncertain origin, possibly Proto-Indo-European *leb- (“to hang loosely”).^[1][2] Cognate with Dutch lap (“cloth; rag”), German Lappen (“cloth; lobe; flap”), Icelandic leppur (“rag; patch”).

名詞

lap (複数形 laps)

1. The loose part of a coat; the lower part of a garment that plays loosely; a skirt; an apron.
2. An edge; a border; a hem, as of cloth.
3. The part of the clothing that lies on the knees or thighs when one sits down; that part of the person thus covered.
4. (figurative) A place of rearing and fostering.
5. The upper legs of a seated person.

   The boy was sitting on his mother's lap.

6. (archaic, euphemistic) The female pudenda. [17th century]
7. (engineering) A component that overlaps or covers any portion of itself or of an adjacent component.

派生語

動詞

lap (三人称単数 現在形 laps, 現在分詞 lapping, 過去形および過去分詞形 lapped)

1. (transitive) To enfold; to hold as in one's lap; to cherish.
   • 1693, Decimus Junius Juvenalis, John Dryden, transl., “[The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis.] The Sixth Satyr”, in The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis. Translated into English Verse. […] Together with the Satires of Aulus Persius Flaccus. […], London: Printed for Jacob Tonson […], →OCLC:

     Her garment spreads, and laps him in the fold.

2. (transitive) To rest or recline in someone's lap, or as in a lap.
   • a. 1839, Winthrop Mackworth Praed, Gog:

     to lap his head on lady's breast

参照

語源 2

From Middle English lappen (“to fold, wrap”) from earlier wlappen (“to fold, wrap”), from 古期英語 *wlappan, *wlæppan, *wlappian (“to wrap”), from Proto-Germanic *wlapp-, *wrapp- (“to wrap, fold, roll up, turn”), from Proto-Indo-European *werb- (“to bend, turn”).

Cognate with Middle Dutch lappen (“to wrap up, embrace”), dialectal Danish vravle (“to wind”), Old Italian goluppare (“to wrap, fold up”) (from Germanic). Doublet of wrap. Also related to envelop, develop.

The sense of "to get a lap ahead (of someone) on a track" is from 1847, on notion of "overlapping." The noun meaning "a turn around a track" (1861) is from this sense.

動詞

lap (third-person singular simple present laps, present participle lapping, simple past and past participle lapped or (古風な用法) lapt)

1. (transitive) To fold; to bend and lay over or on something.

   to lap a piece of cloth

2. (transitive) to wrap around, enwrap, wrap up

   to lap a bandage around a finger

   • 1704, I[saac] N[ewton], “(please specify |book=1 to 3)”, in Opticks: Or, A Treatise of the Reflexions, Refractions, Inflexions and Colours of Light. […], London: […] Sam[uel] Smith, and Benj[amin] Walford, printers to the Royal Society, […], →OCLC:

     About the paper […] I lapped several times a slender thread of very black silk.

3. (transitive) to envelop, enfold

   lapped in luxury

4. (intransitive) to wind around
5. (transitive) To place or lay (one thing) so as to overlap another.

   One laps roof tiles so that water can run off.

7. (transitive) To polish (a surface, especially metal または gemstone) with very fine abrasive to achieve smoothness and small dimensional changes.

   Hypernym: cut

   Coordinate term: grind

8. (intransitive) To be turned or folded; to lie partly on or over something; to overlap.

   The cloth laps back.

   The boats lap; the edges lap.

   • 1681, Nehemiah Grew, Musæum Regalis Societatis. Or A Catalogue & Description of the Natural and Artificial Rarities Belonging to the Royal Society and Preserved at Gresham Colledge. […], London: […] W. Rawlins, for the author, →OCLC:

     The upper wings are opacous […] ; at their hinder ends, where they lap over, transparent, like the wing of a fly.

9. (transitive, sports, motor racing) To overtake a straggler in a race by completing one more whole lap than the straggler.

   Antonym: unlap

10. To cut or polish with a lap, as glass, gems, cutlery, etc.

派生語

名詞

lap (複数形 laps)

1. The act or process of lapping.
2. That part of any substance or fixture which extends over, or lies upon, or by the side of, a part of another.

   the lap of a board

3. The state or condition of being in part extended over or by the side of something else; or the extent of the overlapping.

   The second boat got a lap of half its length on the leader.

4. The amount by which a slide valve at its half stroke overlaps a port in the seat, being equal to the distance the valve must move from its mid stroke position in order to begin to open the port. Used alone, lap refers to outside lap (see below).
5. (sports) One circuit around a race track.

   to run twenty laps

   to drive the fastest lap in qualifying

   to win by three laps

   • 2012 May 13, Andrew Benson, “Williams's Pastor Maldonado takes landmark Spanish Grand Prix win”, in BBC Sport‎^[2]:

     Alonso's second place moves him into a tie on points at the head of the championship with Sebastian Vettel, who was sixth in his Red Bull, passing Button, then Hamilton and finally Mercedes driver Nico Rosberg in quick succession in the closing laps.

6. (swimming) The traversal of one length of the pool, or (less commonly) one length and back again.

   to swim two laps

7. In card playing and other games, the points won in excess of the number necessary to complete a game;—so called when they are counted in the score of the following game.
8. A sheet, layer, or bat, of cotton fiber prepared for the carding machine.
10. A piece of brass, lead, or other soft metal, used to hold a cutting or polishing powder in cutting glass, gems, etc. or in polishing cutlery or in toolmaking. It is usually in the form of a wheel or disk that revolves on a vertical axis.

派生語

語源 3

From Middle English lappen, from 古期英語 lapian, from Proto-Germanic *lapōną, *lapjaną (“to lick; lap”), from imitative Proto-Indo-European *leh₂b- (“to lap, lick”); akin to Old High German laffen (“to lick”), Old Norse lepja, Danish labe, Old Saxon lepil, German Löffel (“spoon”). Cognate with Latin lambere (“lick”). French lamper is a loanword from German. Compare Danish leffe, dialect German läffeln.

動詞

lap (third-person singular simple present laps, present participle lapping, simple past and past participle lapped or (古風な用法) lapt)

1. (transitive, intransitive) To take (liquid) into the mouth with the tongue; to lick up with a quick motion of the tongue.

   Don’t lap your soup like that! You look like a dog.

   • 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:

     They'll take suggestion as a cat laps milk.

   • 1644, Kenelm Digby, Two Treatises

     The dogs by the River Nilus's side, being thirsty, lap hastily […] as they run along the shore.

2. (intransitive, of water) To wash against a surface with a splashing sound; to swash.
   • 1870, Alfred Tennyson, “The Passing of Arthur”, in The Holy Grail and Other Poems, London: Strahan and Co., […], →OCLC, page 144:

     I heard the ripple washing in the reeds, / And the wild water lapping on the crag.

派生語

名詞

lap (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 laps)

1. The taking of liquid into the mouth with the tongue.
   • 1955, Ann Haven Morgan, Kinships of Animals and Man: A Textbook of Animal Biology, page 176:

     With each lap of its tongue a cat gathers up milk and throws it well back into the gateway of its throat […]

2. (obsolete, slang, uncountable) Liquor; alcoholic drink.

参照

• John Camden Hotten (1873) The Slang Dictionary

Further reading

• “laper”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
• Bratchet, A. (1873), “laper”, in , Kitchin, G. W., transl., Etymological dictionary of the French language (Clarendon Press Series), 1st edition, London: Oxford/MacMillan and Co.

名詞

lap (複数形 laps)

1. (medicine, colloquial) Clipping of laparoscopy.
2. (medicine, colloquial) Clipping of laparotomy.

派生語

• ex-lap

形容詞

lap (not comparable)

1. (medicine, colloquial) Clipping of laparoscopic.

派生語

• lap choly

参考

• lap cheong

アナグラム

• ALP, APL, LPA, PAL, PLA, Pal, Pla, alp, pal