mentumとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Learned borrowing from Latin mentum (“the chin”). Doublet of menton.

発音

• IPA: /ˈmɛn.təm/
• 韻: -ɛntəm

名詞

mentum (plural menta)

1. (anatomy) The chin.
2. (malacology) A chin-like projection below the mouth of certain mollusks.
3. (entomology) The central part of the labium in insects.
4. (botany) A projection in front of the flower in some orchids.

派生語

• postmentum
• prementum
• submentum

関連する語

• mental
• mento-

参照

• “mentum”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
• “mentum”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

アナグラム

• nummet

語源

From Proto-Italic *məntom, from Proto-Indo-European *mn̥tós (“protruding”), from *men- (“to project”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *munþaz.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈmɛn.tũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈmɛn.tum]

名詞

mentum n (genitive mentī); second declension

1. (literally) the chin; the chin with the hair that grows on it; the beard
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneid 6.809:

     nosco crinis incanaque menta regis Romani primam qui legibus urbem fundabit, Curibus paruis et paupere terra missus in imperium magnum.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (transferred sense, architecture) the projecting part of a cornice casting off the rain, the coping
   • c. 15 BCE, Vitruvius, De architectura 4.3.6:

     Reliqua spatia, quod latiores sint metopae quam triglyphi, pura relinquantur aut numina scalpantur, ad ipsumque mentum coronae incidatur linea quae scotia dicitur.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Inflection

Second-declension noun (neuter).

派生語

派生した語

• Vulgar Latin: *mentō, *mentōnem
  • Italo-Romance:
    • Italian: mento
    • Sicilian: mentu
  • Gallo-Italic:
    • Ligurian: manton, menton
    • Piedmontese: manton, menton
  • Gallo-Romance:
    • Old French: menton, mentun
      • French: menton
        • → English: menton
        • → Esperanto: mentono
          • Ido: mentono
        • Haitian Creole: manton
        • → Spanish: mentón
  • Occitano-Romance:
    • Catalan: mentó
    • Occitan: menton
• → English: mentum (learned)
• → Portuguese: mento (learned)

Further reading

• “mentum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “mentum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "mentum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “mentum”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) to see with the mind's eye: oculis mentis videre aliquid
    
  • (ambiguous) to be of sane mind: mentis compotem esse
    
  • (ambiguous) to be of sound mind: sanae mentis esse
    
  • (ambiguous) to obscure the mental vision: mentis quasi luminibus officere (vid. sect. XIII. 6) or animo caliginem offundere
    
  • (ambiguous) innate ideas: notiones animo (menti) insitae, innatae
    
  • (ambiguous) to lose one's composure; to be disconcerted: de statu suo or mentis deici (Att. 16. 15)
    
  • (ambiguous) to lose one's head, be beside oneself: sui (mentis) compotem non esse
    
  • (ambiguous) enthusiasm: ardor, inflammatio animi, incitatio mentis, mentis vis incitatior
    

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈmɛn.tũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈmɛn.tum]

接尾辞

-mentum (plural -menta)

1. instrument, medium, or result of

   ‎monēre + ‎-mentum → ‎monumentum

語形変化

Second-declension noun (neuter).

派生した語

参考

参照

• http://etimologias.dechile.net/latin/?Sufijos
• Dictionnaire Étymologique de la Langue Grecque by Pierre Chantraine. Paris, 1968.